Publications by authors named "Chengshi Xu"

Gliomas represent the most predominant primary malignant tumor in central nervous system. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is a central component in active DNA demethylation. However, the specific mechanisms of TDG-mediated active DNA demethylation in gliomas remain unclear.

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  • Telmisartan is an AT1R blocker that shows potential anti-tumor effects, particularly in glioma, but traditional high doses are needed for direct effects on tumor cells in vitro.
  • In co-culture experiments, low doses of telmisartan inhibited glioma cell growth and migration, primarily by reducing IL-6 levels in astrocytes, which are crucial for glioma progression.
  • The anti-glioma action of telmisartan is linked to its PPARγ agonistic properties, rather than its AT1R blocking ability, suggesting it may be a promising add-on treatment for glioma patients, especially those with high blood pressure.
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  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is a complex and aggressive brain tumor, making targeted treatments challenging due to its heterogeneous nature.
  • This study utilized single-cell sequencing on samples from four GBM patients to map out cellular diversity, identifying new cell types and biomarkers that could help in precision medicine.
  • Findings revealed distinct tumor microenvironments and important cell clusters associated with tumor growth, suggesting potential targets for future therapies to improve treatment effectiveness.
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  • Scientists are studying cancer tumors to understand how they grow and change, especially in the area around them.
  • They are using a special method to examine blood from different parts of the brain to learn what proteins are present near the tumor.
  • This research helps find unique markers that can show important details about how gliomas (a type of brain tumor) behave and could help in discovering new treatments.
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Objective: We designed a novel intraoperative malleable adjustable continuous suction tube to obtain clear surgical fields, reduce intracranial pressure, and lower the temperature of the surgical area.

Methods: This device consists of six parts: continuous suction tube head and cotton patty, suction tube, fixed wire position, fixed clip, spiral plastic pressure regulating valve, and tail. It can continuously extract blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and rinsing solution from surgical fields, with minimal contact and trauma to tissues, nerves, and blood vessels, while also having a negligible impact on the surgeon's focus and procedure.

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The neurobiological basis of gaining consciousness from unconscious state induced by anesthetics remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the involvement of the cerebello-thalamus-motor cortical loop mediating consciousness transitions from the loss of consciousness (LOC) induced by an inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane in mice. The neural tracing and fMRI together with optochemogenetic manipulation were used to investigate the potential link among cerebello-thalamus-motor cortical brain regions.

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Astrocytes are crucially involved in neuroinflammation. Activated astrocytes exhibit at least two phenotypes, A1 (neurotoxic) and A2 (neuroprotective). The A1 phenotype is the major reactive astrocyte phenotype involved in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare hamartomatous or meningovascular lesion involving the central nervous system, and is sometimes associated with intracranial meningiomas. Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON) are rare, slow-growing benign tumor-like lesions that can occur anywhere along the neuraxis. Here, we report a rare case of MA combined with CAPNON.

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Objective: This study aims to construct and validate a predictable deep learning model associated with clinical data and multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for short-term postoperative facial nerve function in patients with acoustic neuroma.

Methods: A total of 110 patients with acoustic neuroma who underwent surgery through the retrosigmoid sinus approach were included. Clinical data and raw features from four MRI sequences (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T1-weighted contrast enhancement, and T2-weighted-Flair images) were analyzed.

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Background: An essential surgical tool in neurosurgery is the suction tube. The skillful and accurate use of a suction tube facilitates the neurosurgical operation.

Objective: This study is to verify the practicality of an adjustable pressure suction tube (APS tube) and to explore the ideal APS tube diameter and tip negative pressure for different intracranial structures.

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Controlled trials assessing quadratus lumborum block (QLB) for post-operative analgesia in hip surgery are scarce. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided QLB and lumbar plexus block (LPB) for clinical efficacy in hip arthroscopy. Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital in January-June 2019 were randomized to the lumbar plexus (L) and quadratus lumborum (Q) groups ( = 25/group).

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  • This study focused on finding the best way to expose the inner part of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) without harming the surrounding labyrinth structure.
  • It compared two surgical techniques, microsurgery (MS) and navigation endoscopic-assisted surgery (CS), analyzing data from 84 patients who underwent VS resection.
  • Results showed that the CS group had fewer residual tumors and less labyrinth damage compared to the MS group, indicating that using endoscopy and navigation can improve surgical outcomes for these tumors.
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Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has emerged as a potential treatment for ischemic stroke. Preconditioning with pharmacological agents before cell transplantation has been shown to increase the efficiency of cell therapy. In this study, trehalose (Tre), an autophagy inducer, was used as a pharmacological agent to treat BMSCs, and the neuroprotective effect of BMSCs preconditioned with Tre on cerebral ischemia was assessed.

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  • - The study analyzed outcomes of 287 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) from Wuhan University, focusing on sex differences in prognosis and complications.
  • - Results showed that while a majority of patients were female (65%), females had a significantly higher rate of cerebral ischemia and worse outcomes measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) compared to males, even after adjusting for age and treatment methods.
  • - The study concluded that females with aSAH tend to have poorer prognoses than males, possibly due to a higher susceptibility to cerebral ischemia.
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  • The study explores the origins of secondary gliosarcoma (SGS) that develops after treatment for primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), focusing on the uncharacterized clonal evolution of its sarcomatous components.
  • Researchers used whole-genome and deep-whole-exome sequencing to analyze mutations in both GBM and SGS, identifying specific mutations shared between the two tumors, particularly in tumor-suppressor genes NF1 and TP53.
  • Findings suggest that SGS likely arises from a single clonal origin influenced by mutations due to radiation therapy, indicating a causal link between radiotherapy and the emergence of SGS sarcomatous components.
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  • Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of lymphoma that primarily affects the brain and has a high relapse rate, making treatment challenging despite sensitivity to methotrexate-based regimens.
  • New treatments like Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) and CAR T-cell therapy are emerging, but there is still uncertainty on whether to use BTKi alone or with traditional chemotherapy, and the effectiveness of CAR T therapy for PCNSL requires further investigation.
  • The review covers recent advancements in understanding PCNSL, including its epidemiology, pathology, symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatment options.
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Background: COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide at hitherto unknown speed, and the treatment of neuro-oncology patients without COVID-19 has been greatly affected.

Methods: To compare the medical records and surgical results of surgical patients before and after the pandemic. We collected a total of 80 patients form April 2020 to May 2020 after pandemic and from April 2019 to May 2019 before pandemic.

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Objective: To investigate the postoperative analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in patients undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery.

Methods: Patients who were scheduled to undergo elective arthroscopic hip surgery were randomly assigned to the QLB (Q) or control (C) group (n = 40 each). After general anesthesia induction, unilateral QLB was performed under ultrasound guidance in the Q group.

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Background: Intravertebral and general anesthesia (GA) are two main anesthesia approaches but both have defects. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of subarachnoid anesthesia combined with propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) on blood loss and transfusion for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients in comparison with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) or GA.

Methods: Totally, 240 patients (aged ≥65 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] I-III) scheduled for posterior THA were enrolled from September 1st, 2017 to March 1st, 2018.

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Background And Objective: Promoter status of O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase () has been widely established as a clinically relevant factor in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. However, in addition to varied therapy schedule, the prognosis of GBM patients is also affected by variations of age, race, primary or recurrent tumor. This study comprehensively investigated the association between promoter status and prognosis in overall GBM patients and in different GBM subtype including new diagnosed patients, recurrent patients and elderly patients.

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Objective: To complete a retrospective comparison of endoscope-assisted burr-hole craniostomy (EBHC) and ordinary burr-hole craniostomy (OBHC) in the treatment of septated chronic subdural hematoma (SCSH).

Methods: A retrospective case note review comparing EBHC and OBHC of SCSH was therefore performed. Data of patients with a SCSH for EBHC or OBHC during the period from January 2011 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected and analysed.

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  • This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of stereotactic biopsy in AIDS patients with brain lesions, focusing on diagnostic success and patient outcomes before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  • A total of 19 studies involving 820 patients were analyzed, revealing a high diagnostic success rate of 92.2%, low morbidity (5.1%), and extremely low mortality (0.7%), with the most common complication being hemorrhage.
  • The analysis indicated that management strategies changed for 60.4% of patients, with significant findings showing that HIV encephalitis rates were higher after the introduction of HAART compared to before (17
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Previous studies experimentally reveal that G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1(GPER) has neuroprotection against ischemic injury. However, its effect on traumatic brain injury (TBI) is less well-established. Cognitive impairment following human TBI is a common clinical observation, and TBI is considered as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

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Background: Preoperative platelet rich plasma (PRP) harvest has been used in cardiopulmonary surgery for more than 10 years. There is no previous study dealing with PRP in bilateral total hip replacement. This study was to investigate the effects of PRP on blood saving and blood coagulation function in patients with bilateral total hip replacement.

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