Influences of lauric acid addition on performance, nutrient digestibility and proteins related to mammary gland development in dairy cows.

Lauric acid (LA) has the possibility to improve milk production in dairy cows by improving mammary gland development, however, the mechanism by which it might regulate mammary gland development is unclear. The influence of LA on milk production, nutrient digestibility and the expression of proteins related to mammary gland development in dairy cows were evaluated. Forty primiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided into 4 groups in a randomized block design.

Cumulative expression of heterologous XlnR regulatory modules and AraR in Penicillium oxalicum enhances saccharification efficiency of corn stover and corn fiber.

Penicillium oxalicum engineered strain DB2 and its mutant strains with multiple regulatory modules were constructed. Mutant strain RE-4-2 with two regulatory modules showed a significant increase in the reducing sugar released from corn stover and corn fiber as well as in the conversion of cellulose than DB2. RE-5-2 with three regulatory modules showed a further increase in reducing sugar released from corn stover and the conversion of cellulose on the basis of RE-4-2.

Dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate enhances lactation performance by promoting nutrient digestion and mammary gland development in dairy cows.

This experiment was to evaluate the influence of sodium butyrate (SB) addition on milk production, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion, and the development and metabolism regulation of the mammary gland in dairy cows. Forty Holstein dairy cows averaging 710 ± 18.5 kg body weight, 72.

Alteromonas Aquimaris sp. nov., Isolated from Surface Seawater.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by flagellum, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated ASW11-7, was isolated from coastal surface seawater sample collected from the Yellow Sea, PR China. Strain ASW11-7 grew optimally at 37℃, 4.0% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.

Alteromonas salexigens sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated ASW11-19, was isolated from a coastal seawater sample of the Yellow Sea, PR China. Strain ASW11-19 grew optimally at 37 °C, 3.0-5.

Salinimicrobium sediminilitoris sp. nov., Isolated from a Tidal Flat.

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated ASW11-47, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment taken from the coast of Qingdao, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ASW11-47 belongs to the genus Salinimicrobium and is most closely related to Salinimicrobium terrae YIM-C338 (98.68% similarity).

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Holstein dairy cows.

Background: Considering the high energy demand of lactation and the potential of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) addition on the increase in creatine supply for cows, the present study investigated the effects of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.

Functional analysis of the transcriptional activator XlnR of Penicillium oxalicum.

Aims: The aim of this article is to study the functional features of Penicillium oxalicum transcriptional activator XlnR.

Methods And Results: The yeast reporter system was used to identify transcriptional activation domain of XlnR in P. oxalicum.

Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate.

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.

Mutation of a Conserved Alanine Residue in Transcription Factor AraR Leads to Hyperproduction of α-l-Arabinofuranosidases in Penicillium oxalicum.

α-l-Arabinofuranosidases are important in the degradation of plant polysaccharides and are used in several industrial processes. Although the use of filamentous fungi for the production of α-l-arabinofuranosidases is widely reported, there are few reports on strain engineering for enhanced production of these enzymes by fungi. In this study, the function of transcription factor AraR in l-arabinose release and catabolism by the fungus Penicillium oxalicum (P.

Introduction of heterologous transcription factors and their target genes into Penicillium oxalicum leads to increased lignocellulolytic enzyme production.

Genetic engineering of transcription factors is an efficient strategy to improve lignocellulolytic enzyme production in fungi. In this study, the xylanase transcriptional regulators of Trichoderma reesei (Xyr1) and Neurospora crassa (XLR-1), as well as their constitutively active mutants (Xyr1 and XLR-1), were heterologously expressed in Penicillium oxalicum. The two heterologous regulators were identified to be able to activate lignocellulolytic enzyme gene expression in P.

Constitutive Expression of Chimeric Transcription Factors Enables Cellulase Synthesis under Non-Inducing Conditions in Penicillium oxalicum.

Industrial production of cellulase by filamentous fungi is largely dependent on cellulose, which serves as a natural inducer of cellulase expression. However, insoluble cellulose is unfavorable to submerged fermentation and thus limits the production level of cellulase. The possibility of cellulase production under non-inducing conditions is explored in Penicillium oxalicum by overexpressing two chimeric transcription factors.

Combining manipulation of transcription factors and overexpression of the target genes to enhance lignocellulolytic enzyme production in .

Background: Lignocellulolytic enzymes are the main enzymes to saccharify lignocellulose from renewable plant biomass in the bio-based economy. The production of these enzymes is transcriptionally regulated by multiple transcription factors. We previously engineered for improved cellulase production via manipulation of three genes in the cellulase expression regulatory network.

Identification and characterization of a long-chain fatty acid transporter in the sophorolipid-producing strain Starmerella bombicola.

The sophorolipid-producing strain Starmerella bombicola CGMCC 1576 has a remarkable ability to produce sophorolipids (SLs) under the acidic and lactonic forms with almost equal proportion. In this study, we found the gene encoding for the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ALCS). This enzyme was putatively identified as a membrane-bound long-chain fatty acid transport protein and contributed to the uptake of long-chain fatty acids.

Identification and characterization of a flavin-containing monooxygenase MoA and its function in a specific sophorolipid molecule metabolism in Starmerella bombicola.

The yeast Starmerella bombicola CGMCC 1576 can produce abundant sophorolipids (SLs) including almost equal proportion of acidic and lactonic SLs. In this study, a monooxygenase MoA responsible for the metabolism of a sophorolipid molecule, C18:2 diacetylated acidic sophorolipid (C18:2 DASL), was identified, through genomic analysis, protein modeling, and gene knocking out strategy. The yield and compositions of SLs produced by the deletion mutant ∆moA changed dramatically.