Inhaled Pro-Efferocytic Nanozymes Promote Resolution of Acute Lung Injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality of sepsis. Characterized by uncontrolled inflammation and excessive inflammatory cells infiltration in lung, ALI has been exacerbated by impaired efferocytosis (clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages). Through specific receptor recognition and activation of downstream signaling, efferocytic macrophages promote resolution of inflammation by efficiently engulfing dying cells, avoiding the consequent release of cellular inflammatory contents.

Exosomal miR-30d-5p of neutrophils induces M1 macrophage polarization and primes macrophage pyroptosis in sepsis-related acute lung injury.

Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play an important role in sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI). Accumulating evidence suggests PMN-derived exosomes as a new subcellular entity acting as a fundamental link between PMN-driven inflammation and tissue damage. However, the role of PMN-derived exosomes in sepsis-related ALI and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.

Driving Pressure-Guided Individualized Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) remains unclear. Recent evidence showed that driving pressure was closely related to PPCs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an individualized PEEP guided by minimum driving pressure during abdominal surgery would reduce the incidence of PPCs.

Platelet-derived exosomes promote neutrophil extracellular trap formation during septic shock.

Background: Platelets have been demonstrated to be potent activators of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation during sepsis. However, the mediators and molecular pathways involved in human platelet-mediated NET generation remain poorly defined. Circulating plasma exosomes mostly originating from platelets may induce vascular apoptosis and myocardial dysfunction during sepsis; however, their role in NET formation remains unclear.

Intraoperative monitoring of nociception for opioid administration: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Under-dosage or over-dosage of intraoperative analgesia can cause harm to patients. Many studies have demonstrated the clinical advantages of nociception monitoring tools, but with some conflicting results. To clarify the issue, this meta-analysis compared the effects of Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI), Surgical Pleth Index (SPI), and pupillometry monitoring methods with those of analgesia management practices of intraoperative opioid administration.

Aging-related Atg5 defect impairs neutrophil extracellular traps formation.

Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is an important function of the innate immune system against infections. It has been proven that aging dysregulates immunity and impairs neutrophil function. However, the influence of aging on the ability to produce NETs has yet to be fully addressed.

The risk factors of intraoperative anesthesia adverse events in children with laryngeal diseases.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of intraoperative anesthesia adverse events (IAAEs) in children with laryngeal diseases.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 118 children with laryngeal diseases who underwent surgical therapy. Based on medical history and preoperative imaging diagnosis, the baseline data, including sex, age, weight, onset age, the number of operation, the degree of airway obstruction, the nature of disease, the location of disease, complications, tracheotomy, and trachea intubation, were defined and recorded.

Preemptive analgesia effects of ketamine in patients undergoing surgery. A meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the preemptive analgesia effects of ketamine for postoperative pain.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involved in ketamine for preemptive analgesic up to March 2013. The relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD) as well as the confounding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by the Revman 5.

Bilirubin modulates acetylcholine receptors in rat superior cervical ganglionic neurons in a bidirectional manner.

Autonomic dysfunction as a partial contributing factor to cardiovascular instability in jaundiced patients is often associated with increased serum bilirubin levels. Whether increased serum bilirubin levels could directly inhibit sympathetic ganglion transmission by blocking neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) remains to be elucidated. Conventional patch-clamp recordings were used to study the effect of bilirubin on nAChRs currents from enzymatically dissociated rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) neurons.

Competitive inhibition of the nondepolarizing muscle relaxant rocuronium on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels in the rat superior cervical ganglia.

A number of case reports now indicate that rocuronium can induce a number of serious side effects. We hypothesized that these side effects might be mediated by the inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. Conventional patch clamp recordings were used to study the effects of rocuronium on nAChR currents from enzymatically dissociated rat SCG neurons.

Prophylactic midazolam and clonidine for emergence from agitation in children after emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis.

Background: Emergence agitation (EA) after emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia is a common phenomenon in children. The efficacy of prophylactic midazolam or clonidine in preventing EA is controversial.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of clinical trials of the 2 drugs to evaluate their ability to prevent EA in pediatric patients after emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia.