[Automatic sleep staging model based on single channel electroencephalogram signal].

Sleep staging is the basis for solving sleep problems. There's an upper limit for the classification accuracy of sleep staging models based on single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) data and features. To address this problem, this paper proposed an automatic sleep staging model that mixes deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and bi-directional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM).

[Status of Health Economics Research on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia].

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a first-line treatment for insomnia disorder. Herein, we reviewed the currently prevailing forms of application of CBT-I and the corresponding studies on their health economics, comparing them with medication treatment. At present, most of the findings suggest that CBT-I has long-lasting effects and can help reduce future medical costs, thus showing long-term economic advantages.

[Study on the method of polysomnography sleep stage staging based on attention mechanism and bidirectional gate recurrent unit].

Polysomnography (PSG) monitoring is an important method for clinical diagnosis of diseases such as insomnia, apnea and so on. In order to solve the problem of time-consuming and energy-consuming sleep stage staging of sleep disorder patients using manual frame-by-frame visual judgment PSG, this study proposed a deep learning algorithm model combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and bidirectional gate recurrent neural networks (Bi GRU). A dynamic sparse self-attention mechanism was designed to solve the problem that gated recurrent neural networks (GRU) is difficult to obtain accurate vector representation of long-distance information.

The Moderating Role of Family Resilience on the Relationship between COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress and Mental Health among Caregivers of Individuals with Eating Disorders in Post-Pandemic China.

COVID-19 has amplified long-standing emotional distress for vulnerable families. While abundant research highlights the importance of resilience under adverse circumstances, little has been undertaken to understand its effectiveness in helping caregivers of individuals with eating disorders (ED) navigate pandemic-related challenges. This paper presents findings of a cross-sectional study investigating the effects of COVID-19-related life disruptions (COLD) and COVID-19-related psychological distress (CORPD) on caregivers' depression, anxiety and stress, as well as the moderation role of individual resilience (IR) and family resilience (FR) during the post-pandemic period in China.

Impact of adverse childhood experiences on the symptom severity of different mental disorders: a cross-diagnostic study.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences have a significant impact on different mental disorders.

Objective: To compare differences in adverse childhood experiences among those with different mental disorders and their relationships in a cross-disorder manner.

Methods: The study included 1513 individuals aged ≥18 years : 339 patients with substance use disorders, 125 patients with schizophrenia, 342 patients with depression, 136 patients with bipolar disorder, 431 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and 140 healthy controls.

Gene expression signatures differentiating major depressive disorder from subsyndromal symptomatic depression.

Subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been classified as distinct diseases, due to their dissimilar gene expression profiles and responses to venlafaxine. To identify specific biomarkers of these two diseases, we conducted a secondary analysis of the gene expression signatures of SSD patients, MDD patients and healthy controls (n=8/group) from the study of Yi et al. Global, individual, specific, enrichment and co-expression analyses were used to compare the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes from the three groups.

Neural biomarker of functional disability in major depressive disorder: A structural neuroimaging study.

Background: Most patients with the major depressive disorder (MDD) have varying degrees of impaired social functioning, and functional improvement often lags behind symptomatic improvement. However, it is still unclear if certain neurobiological factors underlie the deficits of social function in MDD. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomarkers of social function in MDD using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Longitudinally Measured Changes in Somnolence Severity With a Visual Analog Scale in a Randomized Lithium Versus Quetiapine-IR Study in Bipolar Disorder.

Objective: The aim of this study was to use a visual analog scale (VAS) longitudinally measuring somnolence severity in patients with bipolar disorder.

Methods: A data set of patients with bipolar spectrum disorders who were randomized to lithium or quetiapine-IR for 16 weeks was used. The somnolence severity was measured with a VAS from 0 to 100 (VAS based), and somnolence frequency was recorded according to incident report (incidence based) at each visit.

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies specific modules and hub genes related to subsyndromal symptomatic depression.

The identification of the potential molecule targets for subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is critical for improving the effective clinical treatment on the mental illness. In the current study, we mined the genome-wide expression profiling and investigated the novel biological pathways associated with SSD. Expression of differentially expressed genes DEGs) were analysed with microarrays of blood tissue cohort of eight SSD patients and eight healthy subjects.

A Pilot Study of the Effectiveness of Lithium Versus Quetiapine Immediate Release Monotherapy in Patients With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of lithium versus quetiapine immediate release (IR) monotherapy in patients with bipolar I, II, or subthreshold bipolar disorder at any phase.

Methods: Eligible patients were randomized to lithium or quetiapine IR for 16 weeks. The difference in the time to discontinuation from study due to "all causes" between lithium and quetiapine IR groups and changes from baseline to 8 and 16 weeks in depression, mania, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), metabolic profiles, and proinflammatory markers were compared.

The association of duration and severity of disease with executive function: Differences between drug-naïve patients with bipolar and unipolar depression.

Background: The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in executive function and the relationship with clinical factors between drug-naïve patients with bipolar depression (BDD) and unipolar depression (UPD).

Methods: Drug-naïve patients with BDD, UPD and healthy controls (HC) were recruited (30 cases in each group). All patients were assessed with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 (HAM-D), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).

Different levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression.

Background: Immune system dysregulation is critical in the physiopathology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, it is unclear whether both diseases present the same inflammatory patterns during depressive episodes. We explored the differences in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines between unipolar and bipolar depression (BDD) and the trajectory of these cytokines after acute-phase treatment.

Association analysis between mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) gene polymorphisms and depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population.

Background: Recent research findings suggest that BDNF and BDNF signaling pathways participate in the development of major depressive disorder. Mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) is the most important kinase in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway is the key signaling pathway of BDNF, so it may play a role in development of depressive disorder. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between polymorphisms of the MAP2K1 (also known as MEK) gene and depressive disorder.

Reduced ENA78 levels as novel biomarker for major depressive disorder and venlafaxine efficiency: Result from a prospective longitudinal study.

Although lines of evidence demonstrated that cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), none of the them have been established as reliable biomarkers. We use our previous whole-genome cRNA microarray data to identify epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA78), the most differentially expressed cytokine in peripheral blood between MDD patients and healthy controls; and then we confirmed the result by the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mRNA and protein level, respectively, in an independent drug-naïve first-episode sample set. In addition, to replicate the role of plasma ENA 78 in MDD, and determine the role of ENA78 on the venlafaxine efficiency, we further detected the plasma ENA78 in another independent 8- week follow-up sample set.

Differential gene expression in patients with subsyndromal symptomatic depression and major depressive disorder.

Background: Subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is a subtype of subthreshold depressive and can lead to significant psychosocial functional impairment. Although the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and SSD still remains poorly understood, a set of studies have found that many same genetic factors play important roles in the etiology of these two disorders. Nowadays, the differential gene expression between MDD and SSD is still unknown.

Ratio of mBDNF to proBDNF for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression.

There is a high rate of misdiagnosis between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) in clinical practice. Our previous work provided suggestive evidence for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in differentiating BD from MDD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mature BDNF (mBDNF) and its precursor (proBDNF) in distinguishing bipolar depression (BP) from MDD during acute depressive episode.

[Correlation between Expression of Peripheral IL-17 Protein and Aggression of Bipolar Mania].

Objective: To explore the correlation between the interleukin-17 (IL-17) level of peripheral blood and aggression of bipolar mania.

Methods: Thirty-six patients of bipolar mania were selected as experimental group by DSM-IV-TR and received treatment with quetiapine and lithium. Thirty-six healthy volunteers with similar age and gender were selected as control group.

Down-regulation of PRKCB1 expression in Han Chinese patients with subsyndromal symptomatic depression.

Background: Subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is a common disease with significant social dysfunction. However, SSD is still not well understood and the pathophysiology of it remains unclear.

Methods: We classified 48 candidate genes for SSD according to our previous study into clusters and pathways using DAVID Bioinformatics Functional Annotation Tool.

Important clinical features of atypical antipsychotics in acute bipolar depression that inform routine clinical care: a review of pivotal studies with number needed to treat.

English-language literature cited in MEDLINE from January, 1980 to October 30, 2014 was searched by using terms of antipsychotic, generic and brand names of atypical antipsychotics, "bipolar depression/bipolar disorder", "placebo", and "trial". The parameters of response (≥50% improvement on MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score), remission (either ≤12 or 8 on MADRS total score at endpoint), discontinuation due to adverse events (DAEs), somnolence, ≥7% weight gain, overall extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSs), and akathisia, were extracted from originally published primary outcome papers. The number needed to treat to benefit (NNT) for response and remission or harm (NNH) for DAEs or other side effects relative to placebo were estimated and presented with the estimate and 95% confidence interval.

Guidelines concordance of maintenance treatment in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: Data from the national bipolar mania pathway survey (BIPAS) in mainland China.

Background: Although the treatment guidelines of bipolar disorders (BPD) have spread more than a decade, the concordance with evidence-based guidelines was typically low in routine clinical practice. This study is to present the data on the maintenance treatment of BPD in mainland China.

Methods: One thousand and twenty-three patients who had experienced a euthymia were eligible for entry into this survey on the maintenance treatment of BPD.

Validation of the Chinese Version of the Short TEMPS-A and its application in patients with mood disorders.

Background: The short version of Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) is a useful instrument to measure affective temperaments. Aims of the present study are to validate the Chinese Version of the Short TEMPS-A, and to explore whether it could be useful to distinguish patients with mood disorders from healthy controls or differentiate patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese population.

Methods: A sample of 715 participants, including 387 patients with MDD, 143 with BPD and 185 healthy controls, was recruited.

Pharmacotherapy for acute mania and disconcordance with treatment guidelines: bipolar mania pathway survey (BIPAS) in mainland China.

Background: With the recent attention to evidence-based medicine in psychiatry, a number of treatment guidelines for bipolar disorders have been published. This survey investigated prescribing patterns and predictors for guideline disconcordance in the acute treatment of a manic and mixed episode across mainland China.

Methods: The pharmacological treatments of 2828 patients with a recent hypomanic/manic episode or mixed state were examined.

MiRNA-206 and BDNF genes interacted in bipolar I disorder.

Background: Several lines of evidence have suggested that has-mir-206 (miRNA-206) may regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein synthesis. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether miRNA-206 gene (MIR206) may confer susceptibility to bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) and treatment response to mood stabilizers. Also, we intended to verify the hypothesis that a potential interplay of MIR206 and BDNF may influence the genetic risk for BD-I and treatment response.