Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment adherence among people living with HIV in Guangdong Province, China: a cross sectional analysis.

Background: Understanding factors associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence is crucial for ART success among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the "test and treat" era. Multiple psychosocial factors tend to coexist and have a syndemic effect on ART adherence. We aimed to explore factors associated with ART adherence and the syndemic effect of multiple psychosocial factors on ART adherence among PLHIV newly starting ART in Guangdong Province, China.

Changes in microbial composition explain the contrasting responses of glucose and lignin decomposition to soil acidification in an alpine grassland.

Soil acidification often suppresses microbial growth and activities, resulting in a negative impact on soil organic carbon (C) decomposition. While the detrimental effects of acidification on soil and plant properties have been extensively studied, less attention has been paid on the shifts in soil microbial communities and their influences of the decomposition of organic C with different chemical complexities. Taking advantage of an acid addition experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, here we examined the response of soil microbial communities to soil acidification and microbial effect on the decomposition of organic C with different chemical complexities (i.

Intermediate soil acidification induces highest nitrous oxide emissions.

Global potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from soil are accelerating, with increases in the proportion of reactive nitrogen emitted as NO, i.e., NO emission factor (EF).

Long-term organic amendments increase the vulnerability of microbial respiration to environmental changes: Evidence from field and laboratory studies.

Organic amendments can improve soil fertility and microbial diversity, making agroecosystems more resilient to stress. However, it is uncertain whether organic amendments will enhance the functional capacity of soil microbial communities, thereby mitigating fluctuations in microbial respiration caused by environmental changes. Here, we examined the impacts of long-term organic amendments on the dynamics of microbial catabolic capacity (characterized by enzyme activities and carbon source utilization) and microbial respiration, as well as their interrelationships during a period with fluctuating temperature and rainfall in the field.

A Novel Cuticular Protein-like Is Essential for Nymph Survival and Male Fecundity in the Brown Planthopper.

Cuticular proteins (CPs) are a large family and perform a variety of functions. However, the physiological roles of cuticle protein 21-like () in the brown planthopper (, BPH), one of the most destructive insect pests of rice, are largely unclear. In this study, was revealed to be expressed in both BPH nymphs and adults, and the mRNA expression level was much higher in male adults than female adults.

Oxygen availability regulates the quality of soil dissolved organic matter by mediating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in biogeochemical processes and in determining the responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to global change. Although the quantity of soil DOM has been inventoried across diverse spatio-temporal scales, the underlying mechanisms accounting for variability in DOM dynamics remain unclear especially in upland ecosystems. Here, a gradient of SOM storage across 12 croplands in northeast China was used to understand links between DOM dynamics, microbial metabolism, and abiotic conditions.

Application of Allogeneic Human Acellular Dermal Matrix Reduces the Incidence of Fistula in Hypospadias Repair.

Background: Urethrocutaneous fistula is one of the most common complications arising from hypospadias surgery. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of allogeneic human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) application as a means of preventing the occurrence of urethrocutaneous fistula following hypospadias surgery.

Methods: This is a non-randomized study of 219 cases (out of 270 patients with hypospadias) which satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Rice Defense against Brown Planthopper Partially by Suppressing the Expression of Transferrin Family Genes of Brown Planthopper.

Transferrins are multifunctional proteins, but their role in the interaction of rice and brown planthopper (BPH) remains unclear. In this study, the full-length cDNA of transferrin genes , , and was cloned. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the expressions of and were significantly suppressed in BPH reared on the resistant rice R1 by 68.

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Different Methods of Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Traditional endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has developed different methods, such as pocket method (P-ESD), traction-assisted method (T-ESD), and hybrid method (H-ESD). In this meta-analysis, the benefits and drawbacks of different ESD methods were discussed and ranked.

Study Design: Studies comparing different methods of colorectal ESD were searched by using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.

High carbon losses from oxygen-limited soils challenge biogeochemical theory and model assumptions.

Oxygen (O ) limitation contributes to persistence of large carbon (C) stocks in saturated soils. However, many soils experience spatiotemporal O  fluctuations impacted by climate and land-use change, and O -mediated climate feedbacks from soil greenhouse gas emissions remain poorly constrained. Current theory and models posit that anoxia uniformly suppresses carbon (C) decomposition.

RNAi-mediated silencing of the autophagy-related gene NlATG3 inhibits survival and fecundity of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

Background: The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a serious insect pest of rice. Autophagy and its related gene ATG3 play multiple roles in insects. However, information about the functions of ATG3 in BPH (NlATG3) is unavailable, and its potential as a target for pest control remains unclear.

Value of MRI Radiomics Based on Enhanced T1WI Images in Prediction of Meningiomas Grade.

Objective: Different grades of meningiomas require different treatment strategies and have a different prognosis; thus, the noninvasive classification of meningiomas before surgery is of great importance. The purpose of this study was to explore the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics based on enhanced-T1-weighted (T1WI) images in the prediction of meningiomas grade.

Materials And Methods: A total of 98 patients with meningiomas who were confirmed by surgical pathology and underwent preoperative routine MRI between January 2017 and December 2019 were analyzed.

Trade-offs in soil carbon protection mechanisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Oxygen (O ) limitation is generally understood to suppress oil carbon (C) decomposition and is a key mechanism impacting terrestrial C stocks under global change. Yet, O limitation may differentially impact kinetic or thermodynamic versus physicochemical C protection mechanisms, challenging our understanding of how soil C may respond to climate-mediated changes in O dynamics. Although O limitation may suppress decomposition of new litter C inputs, release of physicochemically protected C due to iron (Fe) reduction could potentially sustain soil C losses.

2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia: Serial Computed Tomography Findings.

From December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia (formerly known as the 2019 novel Coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) broke out in Wuhan, China. In this study, we present serial CT findings in a 40-year-old female patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who presented with the symptoms of fever, chest tightness, and fatigue. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Gene Participates in Regulating Autophagy and Fission of Mitochondria in the Brown Planthopper, .

Autophagy plays multiple roles in regulating various physiological processes in cells. However, we currently lack a systematic analysis of autophagy and the autophagy-related gene 1 in the brown planthopper (BPH, ), one of the most destructive of the insect pests of rice. In this study, the full-length cDNA of an autophagy-related gene, , was cloned from BPH.

[The effect of procyanidin on periprosthetic osteolysis caused by TCP wear particles in the mouse calvaria and its mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of procyanidin on periprosthetic osteolysis caused by tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wear particles in the mouse calvaria and its mechanism.

Methods: Forty-eight male ICR mice were randomly divided into sham group, TCP group, and procyanidin (0.2 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg)-treated group (n=12).

Topological Reorganization of the Default Mode Network in Severe Male Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Impaired spontaneous regional activity and altered topology of the brain network have been observed in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the mechanisms of disrupted functional connectivity (FC) and topological reorganization of the default mode network (DMN) in patients with OSA remain largely unknown. We explored whether the FC is altered within the DMN and examined topological changes occur in the DMN in patients with OSA using a graph theory analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and evaluated the relationship between neuroimaging measures and clinical variables.

Schaftoside Interacts With NlCDK1 Protein: A Mechanism of Rice Resistance to Brown Planthopper, .

Brown planthopper (BPH) Stål is a serious insect pest of rice in Asian countries. Active compounds have close relationship with rice resistance against BPH. In this study, HPLC, MS/MS, and NMR techniques were used to identify active compounds in total flavonoids of rice.

Reconciling multiple impacts of nitrogen enrichment on soil carbon: plant, microbial and geochemical controls.

Impacts of reactive nitrogen (N) inputs on ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics are highly variable, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we proposed a new conceptual framework that integrates plant, microbial and geochemical mechanisms to reconcile diverse and contrasting impacts of N on soil C. This framework was tested using long-term N enrichment and acid addition experiments in a Mongolian steppe grassland.

Aberrant brain functional connectome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is accompanied by widespread abnormal spontaneous regional activity related to cognitive deficits. However, little is known about the topological properties of the functional brain connectome of patients with OSA. This study aimed to use the graph theory approaches to investigate the topological properties and functional connectivity (FC) of the functional connectome in patients with OSA, based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Altered regional homogeneity in patients with late monocular blindness: a resting-state functional MRI study.

Many previous studies have demonstrated that the blindness patients have has functional and anatomical abnormalities in the visual and other vision-related cortex. However, changes in the brain function in late monocular blindness (MB) at rest are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the underlying regional homogeneity (ReHo) of brain-activity abnormalities in patients with late MB and their relationship with clinical features.

Physical access for residue-mineral interactions controls organic carbon retention in an Oxisol soil.

Oxisol soils are widely distributed in the humid tropical and subtropical regions and are generally characterized with high contents of metal oxides. High metal oxides are believed to facilitate organic carbon (C) accumulation via mineral-organic C interactions but Oxisols often have low organic C. Yet, the causes that constrain organic C accumulation in Oxisol soil are not exactly clear.

Resting cerebral blood flow alteration in severe obstructive sleep apnoea: an arterial spin labelling perfusion fMRI study.

Study Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in awake people with untreated severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSAs) compared with good sleepers (GSs).

Design: Arterial spin labelling perfusion imaging was used to quantify cerebral perfusion based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Setting: Lying supine in a 3.