ZntA maintains zinc and cadmium homeostasis and promotes oxidative stress resistance and virulence in .

Although metals are essential for life, they are toxic to bacteria in excessive amounts. Therefore, the maintenance of metal homeostasis is critical for bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. is a significant food-borne pathogen that mainly causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp.

The DmeRF System Is Involved in Maintaining Cobalt Homeostasis in .

Although cobalt (Co) is indispensable for life, it is toxic to cells when accumulated in excess. The DmeRF system is a well-characterized metal-response system that contributes to Co and nickel resistance in certain bacterial species. The RIMD 2210633 genome also harbors a operon that encodes a multiple antibiotic resistance regulator family transcriptional regulator and a cation diffusion facilitator family protein.

ZrgA contributes to zinc acquisition in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Metals are nutrients essential for almost all lifeforms. Bacteria have evolved several mechanisms to overcome the metal restrictions imposed by the host. causes severe threats to public health and significant economic losses in shrimp aquaculture.

Toxin-antitoxin systems: Classification, biological roles, and applications.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, composed of a stable toxin and a cognate unstable antitoxin, are ubiquitous in the genomes of bacteria and archaea. Under suitable growth conditions, an antitoxin prevents its cognate toxin from inducing toxicity; nonetheless, under stress or plasmid loss, it is either rapidly degraded or downregulated, thereby freeing the toxin to exert its activity toward various targets. Currently, TA systems are classified into eight types based on the nature and mode of action of antitoxins.

The AdcR-regulated AdcA and AdcAII contribute additively to zinc acquisition and virulence in Streptococcus suis.

Metals are necessary elements for bacteria. Typically, vertebrate hosts restrict invading bacterial pathogens from accessing metals. Therefore, bacteria have evolved high-affinity metal importers to acquire metals.

TroR Negatively Regulates the TroABCD System and Is Required for Resistance to Metal Toxicity and Virulence in Streptococcus suis.

Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe swine and human infections. Metals are essential nutrients for life; however, excess metals are toxic to bacteria. Therefore, maintenance of intracellular metal homeostasis is important for bacterial survival.

A Markerless Gene Deletion System in by Using the Copper-Inducible YoeB Toxin as a Counterselectable Marker.

is an important zoonotic pathogen causing severe infections in swine and humans. Induction of the YoeB toxin in resulted in cell death, leading to the speculation that YoeB can be a counterselectable marker. Herein, the counterselection potential of YoeB was assessed in .

Involvement of Various Enzymes in the Physiology and Pathogenesis of .

causes severe infections in both swine and humans, making it a serious threat to the swine industry and public health. Insight into the physiology and pathogenesis of undoubtedly contributes to the control of its infection. During the infection process, a wide variety of virulence factors enable to colonize, invade, and spread in the host, thus causing localized infections and/or systemic diseases.

Transcriptomic Analysis of in Response to Ferrous Iron and Cobalt Toxicity.

is a zoonotic pathogen causing serious infections in swine and humans. Although metals are essential for life, excess amounts of metals are toxic to bacteria. Transcriptome-level data of the mechanisms for resistance to metal toxicity in are available for no metals other than zinc.

PmtA functions as a ferrous iron and cobalt efflux pump in .

Transition metals are nutrients essential for life. However, an excess of metals can be toxic to cells, and host-imposed metal toxicity is an important mechanism for controlling bacterial infection. Accordingly, bacteria have evolved metal efflux systems to maintain metal homeostasis.

CopA Protects against Copper Toxicity.

is a zoonotic pathogen that causes great economic losses to the swine industry and severe threats to public health. A better understanding of its physiology would contribute to the control of its infections. Although copper is an essential micronutrient for life, it is toxic to cells when present in excessive amounts.

The role of two-component regulatory system in β-lactam antibiotics resistance.

The irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture and in the medical field has led to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms that produce drug resistance and even multidrug resistance. B-lactam is one of the most widely used antibiotics to treat infectious diseases. Resistance to β-lactam resistance can be primarily due to the presence β-lactamase, mutation of β-lactam targets and overexpression of efflux pumps.

Role of two-component regulatory systems in the virulence of Streptococcus suis.

Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe infections and great economic losses worldwide. Understanding how this pathogen senses and responds to environmental signals during the infectious process can offer insight into its pathogenesis and may be helpful in the development of drug targets. Two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) play an essential role in this environmental response.

Binding to type I collagen is essential for the infectivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to host cells.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a globally present marine bacterium that often leads to acute gastroenteritis. Two type III secretion systems (T3SSs), T3SS1 and T3SS2, are important for host infection. Type I collagen is a component of the extracellular matrix and is abundant in the small intestine.

Identification of four type II toxin-antitoxin systems in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements that are widely prevalent in the genomes of bacteria and archaea. These modules have been identified in various bacteria and proposed to play an important role in bacterial physiology and virulence. However, their presence in the genomes of Actinobacillus species has received no attention.

The manganese efflux system MntE contributes to the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Manganese is an essential micronutrient to bacteria and plays an important role in bacterial physiology. However, an excess of manganese is extremely deleterious to the cell. The manganese efflux system is used to control intracellular manganese levels by some bacteria.

Formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase is involved in the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe infections in pigs and humans. However, the pathogenesis of S. suis remains unclear.

Contribution of NADH oxidase to oxidative stress tolerance and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis is a major swine and zoonotic pathogen that causes severe infections. Previously, we identified 2 Spx regulators in S. suis, and demonstrated that SpxA1 affects oxidative stress tolerance and virulence.

Identification and characterization of the chromosomal yefM-yoeB toxin-antitoxin system of Streptococcus suis.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widely prevalent in the genomes of bacteria and archaea. These modules have been identified in Escherichia coli and various other bacteria. However, their presence in the genome of Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen, has received little attention.

Evaluation of the protective efficacy of four novel identified membrane associated proteins of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can also cause epidemics of life-threatening infections in humans. Surface proteins of pathogens play a critical role in the interaction with host system or environment, as they take part in processes like virulence, cytotoxicity, adhesion, signaling or transport, etc.

Deletion of the znuA virulence factor attenuates Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and confers protection against homologous or heterologous strain challenge.

The znuA gene is known to be important for growth and survival in Escherichia coli, Haemophilus spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Pasteurella multocida under low Zn(2+) conditions. This gene is also present in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the existence of a similar role for the znuA gene in the growth and virulence of this organism.

Two Spx regulators modulate stress tolerance and virulence in Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important zoonotic pathogen causing severe infections in pigs and humans. The pathogenesis of S. suis 2 infections, however, is still poorly understood.

[Researches on the effect of gas humidity on photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection system].

Environmental influence is the important factor in a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection (PASGD) system when it is applied in the industrial field. The experiments show that the sensitivity of condenser microphone is affected mostly by the humidity of the gas under test, leading to the PASGD's result drift. The present paper puts forward a method to eliminate the influence of gas humidity.

Evaluation of the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of a novel identified immunogenic protein, SsPepO, of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important porcine and human pathogen. Some proteins secreted by S.