Diagnostic Value Analysis of PI-RADS v2.1 Combined with ADC Values in the Risk Stratification of Prostate Cancer Gleason Scores: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Prostate cancer is a remarkable global health concern, necessitating accurate risk stratification for optimal treatment and outcome prediction. By highlighting the potential of imaging-based approaches to improve risk assessment in prostate cancer, this research aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 combined with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to gain increased context within the broad landscape of clinical needs and advancements in prostate cancer management.

Electrostatic steering of thermal emission with active metasurface control of delocalized modes.

We theoretically describe and experimentally demonstrate a graphene-integrated metasurface structure that enables electrically-tunable directional control of thermal emission. This device consists of a dielectric spacer that acts as a Fabry-Perot resonator supporting long-range delocalized modes bounded on one side by an electrostatically tunable metal-graphene metasurface. By varying the Fermi level of the graphene, the accumulated phase of the Fabry-Perot mode is shifted, which changes the direction of absorption and emission at a fixed frequency.

Colossal Optical Anisotropy from Atomic-Scale Modulations.

Materials with large birefringence (Δn, where n is the refractive index) are sought after for polarization control (e.g., in wave plates, polarizing beam splitters, etc.

Correcting thermal-emission-induced detector saturation in infrared spectroscopy.

We found that temperature-dependent infrared spectroscopy measurements (i.e., reflectance or transmittance) using a Fourier-transform spectrometer can have substantial errors, especially for elevated sample temperatures and collection using an objective lens.

Tuning carrier density and phase transitions in oxide semiconductors using focused ion beams.

We demonstrate spatial modification of the optical properties of thin-film metal oxides, zinc oxide (ZnO) and vanadium dioxide (VO) as representatives, using a commercial focused ion beam (FIB) system. Using a Ga FIB and thermal annealing, we demonstrated variable doping of a wide-bandgap semiconductor, ZnO, achieving carrier concentrations from 10 cm to 10 cm. Using the same FIB without subsequent thermal annealing, we defect-engineered a correlated semiconductor, VO, locally modifying its insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) temperature by up to ∼25 °C.

Switchable Induced-Transmission Filters Enabled by Vanadium Dioxide.

An induced-transmission filter (ITF) uses an ultrathin metallic layer positioned at an electric-field node within a dielectric thin-film bandpass filter to select one transmission band while suppressing other bands that would have been present without the metal layer. We introduce a switchable mid-infrared ITF where the metal can be "switched on and off", enabling the modulation of the filter response from a single band to multiband. The switching is enabled by the reversible insulator-to-metal phase transition of a subwavelength film of vanadium dioxide (VO).

Detecting Connected Consciousness During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia Using EEG Based Brain Decoding.

Connected consciousness refers to the state when external stimuli can enter into the stream of our consciousness experience. Emerging evidence suggests that although patients may not respond behaviorally to external stimuli during anesthesia, they may be aware of their surroundings. In this work, we investigated whether EEG based brain decoding could be used for detecting connected consciousness in the absence of behavioral responses during propofol infusion.

Infrared Polarizer Based on Direct Coupling to Surface Plasmon Polaritons.

We propose a new type of reflective polarizer based on polarization-dependent coupling to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) from free space. This inexpensive polarizer is relatively narrowband but features an extinction ratio of up to 1000 with efficiency of up to 95% for the desired polarization (numbers from a calculation) and thus can be stacked to achieve extinction ratios of 10 or more. As a proof of concept, we experimentally realized a polarizer based on nanoporous aluminum oxide that operates around a wavelength of 10.

Temperature-independent thermal radiation.

Thermal emission is the process by which all objects at nonzero temperatures emit light and is well described by the Planck, Kirchhoff, and Stefan-Boltzmann laws. For most solids, the thermally emitted power increases monotonically with temperature in a one-to-one relationship that enables applications such as infrared imaging and noncontact thermometry. Here, we demonstrated ultrathin thermal emitters that violate this one-to-one relationship via the use of samarium nickel oxide (SmNiO), a strongly correlated quantum material that undergoes a fully reversible, temperature-driven solid-state phase transition.

Design considerations for the enhancement of human color vision by breaking binocular redundancy.

To see color, the human visual system combines the response of three types of cone cells in the retina-a compressive process that discards a significant amount of spectral information. Here, we present designs based on thin-film optical filters with the goal of enhancing human color vision by breaking its inherent binocular redundancy, providing different spectral content to each eye. We fabricated a set of optical filters that "splits" the response of the short-wavelength cone between the two eyes in individuals with typical trichromatic vision, simulating the presence of approximately four distinct cone types.

[Emission Factors and Preliminary Emission Estimates of Air Pollutants from Ships at Berth in the Guangzhou Port].

Three large container vessels over a tonnage of 40×10 t at berth in the Guangzhou Port were selected for determination of air pollutants in exhausts from auxiliary engines to obtain fuel-based emission factors (EFs). The fuel-based EFs for vessels A, B, and C at berth were 3096, 3031, and 3028 g·kg, respectively, for CO; 61.8, 19.