Mechanistic and therapeutic insights into the function of N6-methyladenosine in arthritic diseases.

Objective: Arthritis is a class of diseases, characterized by joint and surrounding inflammation, accompanied by joint swelling, pain, dysfunction. According to different factors, arthritis can be divided into osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and so on. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA and is involved in splicing, stabilization, output and degradation of RNA metabolism.

Post-translational modifications in drug resistance.

Resistance to antitumor drugs, antimicrobial drugs, and antiviral drugs severely limits treatment effectiveness and cure rate of diseases. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) represented by glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, palmitoylation, and lactylation are closely related to drug resistance. PTMs are typically achieved by adding sugar chains (glycosylation), small proteins (ubiquitination), lipids (palmitoylation), or functional groups (lactylation) to amino acid residues.

The roles of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

The occurrence of autoimmune diseases is a result of the immune system's immune response against healthy components of the body. Pyroptosis is an innovative form of programmed cell death dependent on inflammatory caspases, leading to the release of cytokines. Excessive pyroptosis can lead to a sustained inflammatory response, which may aggravate the development of autoimmune diseases.

[Mechanism of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsules in improving rheumatoid arthritis based on METTL3-SFRP4/Wnt/β-catenin pathway].

The effect and mechanism of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsules(HQC) on rheumatoid arthritis(RA) were studied.Seventy male SPF rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low-(0. 18 g·kg~(-1)), middle-(0.

Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule inhibits rheumatoid arthritis by regulating intestinal flora and improving intestinal barrier.

Background: Changes in intestinal flora and intestinal barrier in patients with preclinical and diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suggest that intestinal flora and intestinal barrier play an important role in the induction and persistence of RA. Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule (HQC) is a clinically effective herbal formula for the treatment of RA, but its therapeutic mechanism has not been fully clarified.

Materials And Methods: In this study, real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), 16SrRNA sequencing, Western blot (WB), immunofluorescence and other methods were used to investigate whether HQC inhibited RA.

[Cuiru Keli Improves Postpartum Hypogalactia in Rats Through Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2-Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway].

Objective: Based on the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2)-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, this study explored the effect and mechanism of Cuiru Keli (CRKL) in the treatment of postpartum hypogalactia.

Methods: A rat model of postpartum hypogalactia was established by gavaging 2 mL of 1.6 mg/mL bromocriptine mesylate to female rats on the third day after delivery.

Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsule improves rheumatoid arthritis accompanied depression through the Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Aim Of The Study: Research on the mechanism of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsules (HQC) in improving rheumatoid arthritis accompanied depression (RA-dep) model rats.

Methods: We employed real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting (WB), confocal microscopy, bioinformatics, and other methods to investigate the anti-RA-dep effects of HQC and its underlying mechanisms.

Results: HQC alleviated the pathological indexes of inflammation and depression in RA-dep model rats, decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, increased the levels of norepinephrine(NE) and serotonin(5-HT), and improved the injury of hippocampus.

Associations between rheumatoid arthritis and intestinal flora, with special emphasis on RA pathologic mechanisms to treatment strategies.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints. Individuals at risk for RA and people with RA develop intestinal dysbiosis. The changes in intestinal flora composition in preclinical and confirmed RA patients suggest that intestinal flora imbalance may play an important role in the induction and persistence of RA.

Circ_0011058 alleviates RA pathology through the circ_0011058/miR-335-5p/CUL4B signal axis.

Our previous study found that Cullin 4B (CUL4B) inhibited rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology through glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β)/canonical Wnt signalling pathway. In this work, pre-experiment and bioinformatics analysis suggested that circ_0011058 may lead to the up-regulation of CUL4B expression by inhibiting miR-335-5p. Therefore, we studied whether circ_0011058 can promote the expression of CUL4B through sponging the miR-335-5p and further promote the pathological development of RA.

Fat mass and obesity-associated protein inhibit the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis through the NSUN2/SFRP1/Wnt/β-catenin signal axis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family member 2 (NSUN2) mediated RNA methylation is associated with RA pathology.

Methods: We studied the anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mechanism mediated by FTO and NSUN2 in RA samples and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats using real time qPCR (RT-qPCR), western blot, immunofluorescence, and other methods.

Key Findings: The expression of NSUN2 was significantly increased in both RA patients and CIA rats compared with normal controls.

Wilforine inhibits rheumatoid arthritis pathology through the Wnt11/β-catenin signaling pathway axis.

Background: Wilforine (WFR) is a monomeric compound of the anti-RA plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TwHF).

Epigenetic modification and exosome effects on autophagy in osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that leads to joint pain and stiffness and is one of the leading causes of disability and pain worldwide. Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation process, and its abnormal function is closely related to human diseases, including OA. Abnormal autophagy regulates cell aging, matrix metalloproteinase metabolism, and reactive oxygen metabolism, which are key in the occurrence and development of OA.

Wnt5a: A promising therapeutic target for inflammation, especially rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Wnt5a is a member of the Wnt protein family, which acts on classical or multiple non-classical Wnt signaling pathways by binding to different receptors. The expression regulation and signal transduction of Wnt5a is closely related to the inflammatory response. Abnormal activation of Wnt5a signaling is an important part of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

M6A methylation modification in autoimmune diseases, a promising treatment strategy based on epigenetics.

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, including inflammation, antitumor, and antiviral immunity. However, the role of m6A modification in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been rarely reported.

Methods: Based on a description of m6A modification and the corresponding research methods, this review systematically summarizes current insights into the mechanism of m6A methylation modification in autoimmune diseases, especially its contribution to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

RNA methylations in depression, from pathological mechanism to therapeutic potential.

Depression is caused by a variety of factors such as genetic factors, biological factors, and psychosocial factors, and the pathogenesis is complex. RNA methylations and related downstream signaling pathways influence a variety of biological mechanisms, including cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, sex determination, and stress response. In this work, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science, National Library of Science and Technology (NSTL), and ScienceDirect Online (SDOL) databases to summarize the biological roles of RNA methylations and their impact on the pathological mechanisms of depression.

Dysregulation of circRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis, with special emphasis on circRNAs secreted by exosomes and the crosstalk between circRNAs and RNA methylations.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease caused by a variety of unknown factors. It mainly occurs in the small joints of hands and feet, leading to cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Various pathologic mechanisms such as exosomes and RNA methylations are involved in the pathogenesis of RA.

RNA methylations in hepatic fibrosis, a gradually emerging new treatment strategy.

Background: Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a pathological process caused by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix caused by a series of causes, leading to the formation of fiber scar. RNA methylation is a newly discovered epigenetic modification that exists widely in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases.

Results: The occurrence and development of HF are regulated by many factors, including excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, activation of hepatic stellate cells, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Progress in epigenetic regulation of milk synthesis, with particular emphasis on mRNA regulation and DNA methylation.

Inadequate milk secretion and a lack of nutrients in humans and mammals are serious problems. It is of great significance to clarify the mechanisms of milk synthesis and treatment methods. Epigenetic modification, represented by RNA methylation, is an important way of gene expression regulation that profoundly affects human gene expression and participates in various physiological and pathological mechanisms.

CircRNA-mediated ceRNA mechanism in Osteoarthritis: Special emphasis on circRNAs in exosomes and the crosstalk of circRNAs and RNA methylation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease with chronic inflammation, progressive articular cartilage destruction and subchondral bone sclerosis. CircRNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA with a circular structure that participate in a series of important pathophysiological processes of OA, especially its ceRNA mechanisms, and play an important role in OA. CircRNAs may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of OA.

Gandouling inhibits hepatic fibrosis in Wilson's disease through Wnt-1/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacologic Significance: Wilson's disease (WD) hepatic fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury induced by Cu deposition in the liver. Gandouling (GDL) is a hospital preparation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine. Previous studies have found that GDL can play an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and promote Cu excretion, which has a clear anti-WD effect.

Circular RNA in autoimmune diseases: special emphasis on regulation mechanism in RA and SLE.

Background: Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by tissue damage caused by the body's immune response to autoantibodies. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a kind of special endogenous non-coding RNA that play a biological role by regulating gene transcription.

Methods: In this work, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science (SCIE), National Science and Technology Library (NSTL), and ScienceDirect Online (SDOL) databases to summarize the impact of circRNAs on autoimmune diseases, especially the results of circRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Huangqin Qingre Qubi Capsule inhibits RA pathology by binding FZD8 and further inhibiting the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Huangqin Qingre Qubi Capsule (HQC) is a Chinese herbal compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is made from dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, dry mature seeds of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, dry and mature seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa Oliv.

Clematichinenoside AR inhibits the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis by blocking the circPTN/miR-145-5p/FZD4 signal axis.

Backgrounds: Traditional Chinese medicine roots and rhizomes of Clematis chinensis Osbeck (CCO) has the effect of improving rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Clematichinenoside AR (CAR) is an effective monomer of CCO and a promising natural product for the treatment of RA.

Methods: In this work, we aim to systematically evaluate whether CAR can improve RA pathology, inhibit the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) proliferation and inflammatory response, and further investigate the mechanism of CAR inhibiting RA through molecular docking, molecular dynamics and molecular biology methods.

Results: Combined with the research results of CIA mice and FLS from RA patients, we found that CAR significantly improved the severity of CIA mice, and inhibited the proliferation and inflammatory response of FLS.