Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in by 5-Azacytidine.

species are known to produce various secondary metabolites with polyketide structures, including Monacolins, pigments, and citrinin. This study investigates the effects of 5-azacytidine on M1 and RP2. The dry weight, red, yellow, and orange pigment values, and Monacolin K yield of both strains were measured, and their hyphae observed through electron microscopy.

The clinical outcomes of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy vs. chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study.

Background: Stage III and IVA-B hypopharyngeal carcinoma presents a substantial risk of recurrence and metastasis. The treatment strategy remains uncertain. The objective of this observational study was to compare the outcomes of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (ICRT) and induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy (ICCRT) in the treatment of locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Narrative review of research progress of RNA mC methylation in head and neck malignancies.

Background And Objective: Head and neck malignancies encompass a spectrum of malignant tumors occurring in the head and neck region, characterized by rapid progression, high recurrence rates, and dismal prognoses. Despite significant advancements in comprehensive surgery-based therapies, the 5-year survival rate for patients has not shown substantial improvement. There is an urgent need to investigate novel targeted therapies.

Functional Verification of Transcription Factor comp54181_c0 in Monascus purpureus.

Monacolin K is a valuable secondary metabolite produced after a period of fermentation by Monascus purpureus; however, our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of its synthesis remains incomplete. This study conducted functional analysis on the key transcription factor, comp54181_c0, that is involved in the synthesis of monacolin K in Monascus. Mutant strains with either knockout or overexpression of comp54181_c0 were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9.

Development of barley proteins into peptides nanomicelles for encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactive ingredient.

Background: As natural polymer materials, barley proteins have been utilized to fabricate nanocarriers to encapsulate and delivery hydrophobic bioactive ingredients. However, as a result of the high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids and structural rigidity, barley protein-based nanocarriers tend to aggregate easily and have a low loading capacity, which greatly limits their application. In the present study, barley proteins were enzymolyzed to fabricate nanomicelles and then applied to encapsulate hydrophobic bioactive ingredient.

Influence of the Crystal Forms of Calcium Carbonate on the Preparation and Characteristics of Indigo Carmine-Calcium Carbonate Lake.

In this study, indigo carmine (IC)-calcium carbonate lakes with different crystalline forms of calcium carbonate were prepared through co-precipitation methods, and the properties of these lakes and their formation mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) exhibited the smallest particle size and the largest specific surface area, resulting in the highest adsorption efficiency. Vaterite, calcite, and aragonite followed after ACC in decreasing order of adsorption efficiency.

Mutation Breeding of to Produce a High Yield of Orange Pigment and Low Citrinin Content Using the ARTP Method.

is a filamentous fungus with a long history of application in China, which can produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including Monascus red pigments, orange pigments, yellow pigments, and citrinin. There is widespread attention being paid to natural pigments because of their safety. Among the many natural pigments, orange pigment has a wide range of applications because of its unique color, but current production levels in the orange pigment industry are limited to a certain extent due to the insufficiently wide range of sources and low production.

Ameliorative impacts of Sinapic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced gouty arthritis and inflammation through different signaling pathways.

As known, gout a metabolic disease due to the urate crystals deposition in the joints and affect human health and state. Humans are looking for safe natural remedies from plants with safe, low cost and high effect on their health. Sinapic acid (SA) is found in plants and used as phytoconstituent in human diets.

Recent advances on cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in preventing obesity-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review.

Anthocyanins, found in various pigmented plants as secondary metabolites, represent a class of dietary polyphenols known for their bioactive properties, demonstrating health-promoting effects against several chronic diseases. Among these, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is one of the most prevalent types of anthocyanins. Upon consumption, C3G undergoes phases I and II metabolism by oral epithelial cells, absorption in the gastric epithelium, and gut transformation (phase II & microbial metabolism), with limited amounts reaching the bloodstream.

Establishment and Application of Novel Hypoxia-driven Dual-reporter Model to Investigate Hypoxic Impact on Radiation Sensitivity in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Xenografts.

Tumor hypoxia has been frequently detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and is intently associated with therapeutic resistance. The aim of the study is to establish a clonogenically stable hypoxia-inducible dual reporter model and apply it to investigate the effect of tumor hypoxia on DNA double strand break (DSB) and synergistic effect of irradiation in combination with chemotherapy or targeted therapy. The plasmid vector consisting of hypoxia response elements to regulate HSV1-TK and GFP genes, was constructed and stably transfected into human NPC cells.

A generalized model of cardiac surface motion for evaluating left anterior descending coronary artery dose in left breast cancer radiotherapy.

Background: Retrospective studies indicate that radiation damage to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) may be critical for late-stage radiation-induced cardiac morbidity. Developing a method that accurately depicts LAD motion and perform dose assessment is crucial.

Purpose: To construct a generalized cardiac surface motion model for LAD dose assessment in left breast cancer radiotherapy.

Biosynthesis and Biotechnological Synthesis of Hydroxytyrosol.

Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a plant-derived phenolic compound, is recognized for its potent antioxidant capabilities alongside a spectrum of pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral properties. These attributes have propelled HT into the spotlight as a premier nutraceutical and food additive, heralding a new era in health and wellness applications. Traditional methods for HT production, encompassing physico-chemical techniques and plant extraction, are increasingly being supplanted by biotechnological approaches.

Unlocking fungal quorum sensing: Oxylipins and yeast interactions enhance secondary metabolism in .

Exploring the symbiotic potential between fungal and yeast species, this study investigates the co-cultivation dynamics of , a prolific producer of pharmacologically relevant secondary metabolites, and . The collaborative interaction between these microorganisms catalyzed a substantial elevation in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, prominently Monacolin K and natural pigments. Central to our discoveries was the identification and enhanced production of oxylipins (13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid，13S-HODE), putative quorum-sensing molecules, within the co-culture environment.

Encapsulation of caffeic acid phenethyl ester by self-assembled sorghum peptide nanoparticles: Fabrication, storage stability and interaction mechanisms.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound with various biological activities. However, poor water solubility and storage stability limit its application. In this context, sorghum peptides were used to encapsulate CAPE.

Melanin in : biosynthesis, production, physicochemical characterization, biological functions, and applications.

(), a nutritious fungus and traditional medicinal resource, is known for melanin. This review aims to summarize the research progress on melanin in , specifically focusing on biosynthesis, fermentation production, extraction processes, physicochemical characterization, biological functions, and applications. The biosynthesis of melanin in primarily involves the oxidative polymerization reaction of phenolic compounds.

Fabrication of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Dibutyl Phthalates in Food Matrices.

In this study, a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric material (FeO@MOF@MIP-160) with a metal-organic backbone (FeO@MOF) carrier was prepared using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a template. The material can be used for the efficient, rapid, and selective extraction of trace amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in food and can detect them via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The synthesis conditions of the materials were optimized to prepare the FeO@MOF@MIP160 with the highest adsorption performance.

Occurrence, Risk Implications, Prevention and Control of CIT in Cheese: A Review.

is a filamentous fungus that has been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. When used as an auxiliary fermenting agent in the manufacturing of cheese, cheese is obtained. Citrinin (CIT) is a well-known hepatorenal toxin produced by that can harm the kidneys structurally and functionally and is frequently found in foods.

Preparation of Edible Colorant Lake Using Calcium Carbonate and β-Carotene: Structural Characterization and Formation Mechanism Study.

This study prepared a novel β-carotene colorant lake using calcium carbonate (CaCO) and investigated the lake formation process and its basic characteristics. Kinetic adsorption analysis confirmed that medium pH (9.3) and medium temperature (40 °C) were more suitable for lake preparation, while desorption occurred, possibly due to crystalline transformation of CaCO.

Unveiling the potential of red koji polysaccharides: biosynthesis, extraction, and multifaceted biological activities.

Red koji polysaccharides, derived from the fermentation of Monascus, have been recognized for their health-enhancing properties. This article reviews their structural characteristics, biosynthesis pathways, and biological activities. It emphasizes the need for sustainable practices in fermentation and the optimization of extraction methods for scalable production.

Dealuminated Beta zeolite reverses Ostwald ripening for durable copper nanoparticle catalysts.

Copper nanoparticle-based catalysts have been extensively applied in industry, but the nanoparticles tend to sinter into larger ones in the chemical atmospheres, which is detrimental to catalyst performance. In this work, we used dealuminated Beta zeolite to support copper nanoparticles (Cu/Beta-deAl) and showed that these particles become smaller in methanol vapor at 200°C, decreasing from ~5.6 to ~2.

Enhancing Pellet Formation for Improved Secondary Metabolite Production.

Filamentous fungi are well-known for their ability to form mycelial pellets during submerged cultures, a characteristic that has been extensively studied and applied. However, , a filamentous saprophytic fungus with a rich history of medicinal and culinary applications, has not been widely documented for pellet formation. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing pellet formation in and their impact on citrinin production, a key secondary metabolite.