The bHLH Transcription Factor PhbHLH121 Regulates Response to Iron Deficiency in .

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plants. Due to the low Fe bioavailability in cultivated soils, Fe deficiency is a widespread agricultural problem. In this study, we present the functional characterization of a petunia () basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor PhbHLH121 in response to Fe shortage.

Synergistic Acid-Base Action Leads to Ultrafast Decontamination of Nerve and Blister Agents by OH Intercalated Zr-Doped MgAl-LDH under Ambient Conditions.

Developing materials capable of rapidly decontaminating nerve and blister agents directly under ambient conditions are crucial for practical applications. In this work, MgAl Zr-LDH with different Zr doping contents and corresponding OH intercalated materials MgAl Zr-LDH-OH are synthesized. First, they are used for the decontamination of nerve agents under ambient conditions, showing that increasing the Zr doping amount accelerates the decontamination rate of diethyl cyanophosphonate (DECP) and soman (GD), with the half-life of DECP and GD being 3-5 times shorter with MgAlZr-LDH (the highest Zr doping content) compared to MgAl-LDH.

Occurrence of free glycans in salmonid serum.

Free N-glycans (FNGs) are oligosaccharides that are structurally related to N-linked glycans, and are widely found in nature. The mechanisms responsible for the formation and degradation of intracellular FNGs are well characterized in mammalian cells. More recent analysis in mammalian sera shows that there are various types of extracellular free glycans, including FNGs.

JUN and ATF3 in Gout: Ferroptosis-related potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Objective: Gout is a prevalent form of chronic inflammatory arthritis, and its etiology remains incompletely understood. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that relies on iron. As of now, the relationship between ferroptosis and gout is not entirely clear.

Neuronal heterogeneity of normalization strength in a circuit model.

The size of a neuron's receptive field increases along the visual hierarchy. Neurons in higher-order visual areas integrate information through a canonical computation called normalization, where neurons respond sublinearly to multiple stimuli in the receptive field. Neurons in the visual cortex exhibit highly heterogeneous degrees of normalization.

Mechanism of action of Nrf2 and its related natural regulators in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis that can lead to joint deformities. To date, more than 18 million individuals worldwide have been diagnosed with RA, making it one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases globally and posing a significant threat to public health and safety. Due to the complex pathogenesis of the disease, which involves autoimmunity, genetics, inflammation and oxidative stress in the body's tissues, the current drug therapy generally targets a single molecule, and effective and efficient drugs involving multiple levels and targets are lacking; thus, there is an urgent need for high-quality research and treatment in this field.

State modulation in spatial networks with three interneuron subtypes.

Several inhibitory interneuron subtypes have been identified as critical in regulating sensory responses. However, the specific contribution of each interneuron subtype remains uncertain. In this work, we explore the contributions of cell-type specific activity and synaptic connections to dynamics of a spatially organized spiking neuron network.

Interface-regulated S-type core-shell PCN-224@TiO heterojunction for visible-light-driven generation of singlet oxygen for selective photooxidation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide.

Selective oxidation of sulfur mustard gas (HD) to non-toxic sulfoxide by the visible-light-catalyzed generation of singlet oxygen (O) is a promising degradation strategy. Although PCN-224 can absorb visible light, it suffers from rapid electron-hole recombination and low redox capacity, which limits the performance of HD degradation. Titanium dioxide (TiO) is an excellent photocatalyst but it lacks visible-light-activity in degrading HD.

Construction of logic gate computation for the assay of the nerve agent sarin based on an AChE-based dual-channel sensing system.

Nerve agents have posed a huge threat to national and human security, and their sensitive detection is crucial. Herein, based on the oxidation of Ce and the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of glutathione-protected gold nanoclusters (GSH-Au NCs), a cascade reaction was designed to prepare oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (oxTMB) and GSH-Au NCs crosslinked by Ce (Ce-GSH-Au NCs). oxTMB had a broad UV-visible absorption range (500-700 nm) and was capable of quenching the fluorescence of Ce-GSH-Au NCs at 590 nm through the internal filtration effect (IFE).

Efficacy of telemedicine intervention in the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: We aimed to report the latest and largest pooled analyses and evidence updates to assess the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions for self-management (DSM) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science in December 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults (≥18 years of age) diagnosed with T2DM where the intervention was the application of telemedicine.

An Electroencephalogram Signature of Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neuron Activities Predicts Cocaine Seeking.

Background: Identifying biomarkers that predict substance use disorder propensity may better strategize antiaddiction treatment. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the lateral hypothalamus critically mediate interactions between sleep and substance use; however, their activities are largely obscured in surface electroencephalogram (EEG) measures, hindering the development of biomarkers.

Methods: Surface EEG signals and real-time calcium (Ca) activities of lateral hypothalamus MCH neurons (Ca) were simultaneously recorded in male and female adult rats.

An EEG Signature of MCH Neuron Activities Predicts Cocaine Seeking.

Background: Identifying biomarkers that predict substance use disorder (SUD) propensity may better strategize anti-addiction treatment. The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) critically mediates interactions between sleep and substance use; however, their activities are largely obscured in surface electroencephalogram (EEG) measures, hindering the development of biomarkers.

Methods: Surface EEG signals and real-time Ca activities of LH MCH neurons (Ca) were simultaneously recorded in male and female adult rats.

Enhancing Retinal Fundus Image Quality Assessment With Swin-Transformer-Based Learning Across Multiple Color-Spaces.

Purpose: The assessment of retinal image (RI) quality holds significant importance in both clinical trials and large datasets, because suboptimal images can potentially conceal early signs of diseases, thereby resulting in inaccurate medical diagnoses. This study aims to develop an automatic method for Retinal Image Quality Assessment (RIQA) that incorporates visual explanations, aiming to comprehensively evaluate the quality of retinal fundus images (RIs).

Methods: We developed an automatic RIQA system, named Swin-MCSFNet, utilizing 28,792 RIs from the EyeQ dataset, as well as 2000 images from the EyePACS dataset and an additional 1,000 images from the OIA-ODIR dataset.

Ultrathin Parylene C-based sensitivity-gain nanoplasmonic sensor integrated on VCSEL for Aβ detection.

As Alzheimer's disease prevalence continues to rise, there is an increasing demand for efficient on-chip biosensors capable of early biomarker detection. This study presents a novel biosensor chip leveraging vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) technology, with Parylene C serving as the antibody coupling layer and utilizing a streamlined one-step antibody modification method. Integration of Parylene C enhances chip sensitivity from 34.

Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Serum Uric Acid: A US NHANES 2011-2020.

Background: Serum uric acid (SUA) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were closely related to the body's metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HbA1c and SUA in adults.

Methods: This study selected 7293 participants aged ≥20 from 2011 to 2020 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

No causal association between serum vitamin D levels and diabetes retinopathy: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background And Aim: Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, and it is the main cause of global vision loss. The current observational research results show that the causal relationship between Vitamin D and DR is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study to determine the potential causal relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D and DR.

Ubiquitin ligase MDM2 mediates endothelial inflammation in Kawasaki disease vasculitis development.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) often complicates coronary artery lesions (CALs). Despite the established significance of STAT3 signaling during the acute phase of KD and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling being closely related to CALs, it remains unknown whether and how STAT3 was regulated by ubiquitination during KD pathogenesis.

Methods: Bioinformatics and immunoprecipitation assays were conducted, and an E3 ligase, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) was identified as the ubiquitin ligase of STAT3.

Rat hepatocytes secrete free oligosaccharides.

We recently established a method for the isolation of serum-free oligosaccharides, and characterized various features of their structures. However, the precise mechanism for how these glycans are formed still remains unclarified. To further investigate the mechanism responsible for these serum glycans, here, we utilized rat primary hepatocytes to examine whether they are able to secrete free glycans.

Identifying potential ferroptosis key genes for diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis through competitive endogenous RNA network analysis.

Objective: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common systemic metabolic bone disorder that is owing to the reduced estrogen secretion and imbalance of bone absorption and bone formation in postmenopausal women. Ferroptosis has been identified as a novel modulatory mechanism of osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the particular modulatory mechanism between ferroptosis and PMOP is still unclear.

RGD-p21Ras-scFv expressed prokaryotically on a pilot scale inhibits ras-driven colorectal cancer growth by blocking p21Ras-GTP.

Background: Ras gene mutation and/or overexpression are drivers in the progression of cancers, including colorectal cancer. Blocking the Ras signaling has become a significant strategy for cancer therapy. Previously, we constructed a recombinant scFv, RGD-p21Ras-scFv by linking RGD membrane-penetrating peptide gene with the anti-p21Ras scFv gene.

Terahertz Liquid Biosensor Based on A Graphene Metasurface for Ultrasensitive Detection with A Quasi-Bound State in the Continuum.

The concept of a quasi-bound state in a continuum (QBIC) has garnered significant attention in various fields such as sensing, communication, and optical switching. Within metasurfaces, QBICs offer a reliable platform that enables sensing capabilities through potent interactions between local electric fields and matter. Herein, a novel terahertz (THz) biosensor based on the integration of QBIC with graphene is reported, which enables multidimensional detection.

GreenPhos, a universal method for in-depth measurement of plant phosphoproteomes with high quantitative reproducibility.

Protein phosphorylation regulates a variety of important cellular and physiological processes in plants. In-depth profiling of plant phosphoproteomes has been more technically challenging than that of animal phosphoproteomes. This is largely due to the need to improve protein extraction efficiency from plant cells, which have a dense cell wall, and to minimize sample loss resulting from the stringent sample clean-up steps required for the removal of a large amount of biomolecules interfering with phosphopeptide purification and mass spectrometry analysis.