Publications by authors named "Cheng-yuan Gu"
Article Synopsis
- A study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of avatrombopag (AVA) in treating immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in 121 adult patients across three medical centers in China, filling the gap in limited real-world research.
- Patients were split into two groups: those intolerant to previous treatments (eltrombopag or hetrombopag) and those unresponsive to them, with differences in medical history and treatment experiences noted.
- The results showed that 83% of patients had a positive platelet response after AVA treatment, but many faced financial difficulties leading to discontinuation, highlighting both the drug's effectiveness and the economic challenges it poses.
Transporter associated with antigen processing 1(TAP1) serves as a protein to transport antigenic peptides from the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum when the antigens are presented by major histocompatibility complex type I (MHC-I), which has been identified to play a critical role in antigen presentation in innate immunity. In tumors, the role of TAP1 seems to remain controversial. On the one hand, given the role of TAP1 in antigen presentation, it is indicated that high TAP1 expression corresponds to the emergence of more neoantigens epitopes that facilitate the recognition for phagocytes, T cells and other cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngiogenesis plays the critical roles in promoting tumor progression, aggressiveness, and metastasis. Although few studies have revealed some angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) could serve as prognosis-related biomarkers for the prostate cancer (PCa), the integrated role of ARGs has not been systematically studied. The RNA-sequencing data and clinical information of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as discovery dataset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) has emerged as an alternative to extirpative management of small renal masses in select patients. In recent years, the use of targeted therapies has become mainstream, while the role of PCA in treating primary tumor is not well established among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We sought to evaluate how mRCC patients react to PCA in combination with sunitinib.
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- * Researchers looked at specific genetic variations (SNPs) in three genes related to telomere length and their connection to PCa risk through a case-control study.
- * Two SNPs (rs2297441 and rs3208008) were found to increase the risk of PCa, while another SNP (rs1136410) was associated with changes in telomere length, indicating that genetic factors influencing telomere length may impact PCa risk.
PSA may be elevated in non-malignant conditions such as prostatitis and leads to unnecessary prostate needle biopsy. Urine prostatic exosomal protein (PSEP) has been proved to be a promising biomarker of prostatic inflammation. The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between PSEP and the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), and their association with histologic prostatic inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is a key enzyme in its oestrogen metabolism pathway, giving rise to hydroxylation and conjugation. Functionally relevant genetic variants within may affect the telomere length and subsequently lead to prostate carcinogenesis. We evaluated 8 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1015 men with prostate cancer (PCa) and 1052 cancer-free controls, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate their association with risk of PCa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.677C>T and c.1298A>C variants were known to be associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk with conflicting results, because of MTHFR and nutrient status interaction in the prostate development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAberrant DNA methylation has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. The one-carbon metabolism pathway and related metabolites determine cellular DNA methylation and thus is thought to play a pivotal role in PCa occurrence. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism genes to prostate cancer (PCa) risk and the underlying biological mechanisms.
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- - Clinically localized prostate cancer can be cured with treatment, but many patients experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) after surgery, like radical prostatectomy (RP).
- - The CYP1B1 gene, which plays a key role in estrogen metabolism, may have genetic variants (polymorphisms) that influence the risk of BCR in these patients.
- - In a study of 312 patients, specific genetic variants (SNPs) of the CYP1B1 gene were linked to clinical outcomes, indicating that these inherited variations could affect the progression of prostate cancer.
Article Synopsis
- Current guidelines recommend penile sparing surgery (PSS) for certain cases of penile cancer, and a study analyzed its impact on cancer-specific mortality using data from the SEER database.
- The research found that among 1,292 patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma, 24.2% underwent local tumor excision (LTE), with increasing rates over the years, particularly for early-stage (T1) disease.
- The study concluded that PSS is underutilized, especially among older patients and certain ethnic groups, but showed similar four-year cancer-specific mortality rates between LTE and partial/total penectomy for early-stage patients.
Article Synopsis
- The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rising globally, prompting research into its link to prostate cancer (PCa) risk and progression.
- This study analyzed 1016 PCa patients post-radical prostatectomy, finding that those with MetS have a greater likelihood of more aggressive cancer features, like a Gleason score (GS) of 8 or higher and more advanced tumor stages (pT3-4).
- MetS also showed independent predictive value for lymph node involvement in PCa, suggesting that as more MetS components are present, the risk of advanced cancer increases, warranting further research in larger populations.
This study aimed to evaluate the role of serum lipid profiles as novel biomarkers in predicting pathological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively analyzed 322 consecutive patients with clinically localized PCa receiving radical prostatectomy (RP) and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the prostatectomy Gleason score (pGS), pathological stage and lymph node involvement (LNI) in RP specimens.
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- The study examines the roles of Dicer and Argonaute2 (Ago2) in prostate cancer (Pca), finding that their expression levels are higher in Pca tissues compared to adjacent benign tissues and related to lower Gleason patterns, except for Dicer in localized cases.
- Researchers used RNA interference to reduce Dicer and Ago2 levels in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC-3, DU145) and observed that this led to decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and cell cycle arrests at different phases.
- The findings highlight Dicer and Ago2 as important players in the biology of prostate cancer, suggesting they could be useful as biomarkers for disease progression and targets
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the link between genetic variations in the ADIPOQ gene, which affects adiponectin levels, and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in Chinese Han men through a case-control design involving nearly 2,000 participants.* -
- The specific ADIPOQ variant rs3774262 was found to lower the risk of PCa and increase plasma adiponectin levels, indicating that this variant could play a role in how body fat influences cancer development.* -
- Other ADIPOQ variants (rs266729 and rs182052) showed no association with PCa risk or adiponectin levels, but the findings suggest that the interaction between the rs3774262 variant and body mass index may further
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess how different measures of obesity, like BMI and types of abdominal fat, affect the characteristics of localized prostate cancer in patients who underwent surgery.
- A total of 413 prostate cancer patients were analyzed between 2006 and 2013, focusing on various data points, including age and Gleason scores, along with MRI measurements of fat.
- Results indicated varying levels of BMI and abdominal fat among participants, with a significant portion showing high Gleason scores and evidence of advanced cancer stages, suggesting a link between obesity metrics and worse pathological outcomes in prostate cancer.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to analyze how common dyslipidaemia is among Chinese patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), comparing their lipid profiles to 570 matched controls.
- The findings showed that patients with RCC typically had higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), particularly in advanced cases, with a significant odds ratio indicating a strong association between high LDL levels and RCC.
- The study concluded that elevated LDL was prevalent among RCC patients, but further research in prospective cohorts is needed to confirm these results.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of lymph node dissection in penile cancer patients by analyzing the number of lymph nodes removed from a large database.
- Data from 393 patients showed that while the median number of lymph nodes removed was 15, 28% had limited lymph node dissection, with fewer older patients undergoing extensive procedures.
- The results indicated that those with extensive lymph node dissection had better survival rates, particularly among node-positive patients, highlighting a need for improved surgical practices, especially in older patients.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR), the proportion of metastatic among removed lymph nodes, for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma in a population-based database.
Methods: A total of 210 eligible patients with node-positive disease were identified from the surveillance epidemiology end results database. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was the clinical outcome of interest.