Lysophosphatidylcholine Regulates Sexual Stage Differentiation in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

Transmission represents a population bottleneck in the Plasmodium life cycle and a key intervention target of ongoing efforts to eradicate malaria. Sexual differentiation is essential for this process, as only sexual parasites, called gametocytes, are infective to the mosquito vector. Gametocyte production rates vary depending on environmental conditions, but external stimuli remain obscure.

Synthesis of Mesoionic Isoquinolines by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation.

Hydroxyl-substituted benzaldimines underwent a Rh(III) -catalyzed C-H activation and annulation with alkynes to provide novel mesoionic isoquinoline derivatives in moderate to excellent yields using oxygen as an internal anion source. This simple and efficient approach has a broad substrate scope.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-C coupling of 7-azaindoles with vinyl acetates and allyl acetates.

The behaviour of electron-rich alkenes with 7-azaindoles in rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation is investigated. Various substituted vinyl acetates and allyl acetates as coupling partners reacted smoothly providing a wide variety of 7-azaindole derivatives, and the selectivity of the coupling reaction is alkene-dependent. In addition, the approaches of rhodium(III)-catalyzed dehydrogenative Heck-type reaction (DHR) and carbonylation reaction were quite novel and simple.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 7-Azaindoles and Alkynes via Double C-H Activation.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed double C-H activation involving N-directed ortho C-H activation and subsequent roll-over C-H activation of the heterocycle ring has been developed to form complex 7-azaindole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. A broad scope of 7-azaindoles and internal alkynes has been demonstrated in this oxidative annulation reaction.

[Fibular head composite flap for bone and skin defect at medial malleolus in children: a report of 4 cases].

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of fibular head composite flap for bone and skin defect at medial malleolus in children.

Methods: From Aug. 2005 to Apr.

[Chinese herbs application combined with operation for treating post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complicated with bone-skin defects].

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the method and clinical effects of integration of Chinese herbs and operation for the treatment of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complication with bone-skin defect.

Methods: Among 28 patients with post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complicated with bone-skin defects, 18 patients were male and 10 females, ranging in age from 18 to 68 years, with an average of 32.5 years.

[Repairing soft-tissue defection of ankle and foot by sural neurovascular pedicle fasciocutaneous reversed island flap].

Objective: To explore the clinical application of sural neurovascular pedicle fasciocutaneous reversed island flap to repair soft-tissue defection of the ankle and foot.

Methods: From Sep. 1994 to Oct.

[Finger reconstruction with extended free second toe flap transfer].

Objective: To investigate an ideal method for finger reconstruction with extended the second toe flap transfer.

Methods: The second toe free flap was created, combined with an pedicled skin flap from the fibular side of the great toe inlaid in the ventral side of the second toe, a double-wing flap and the distal part of the metatarsal bone. The composite free flap was transferred by vascular anastomosis for finger reconstruction.

[Application of pre-fabricated free flap in reconstruction and repair of skin defect of foot in weight-bearing area].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of pre-fabricated free skin flap in reconstruction and repair of skin defect of foot in weight-bearing area.

Methods: Eight cases of skin defect of foot in weight-bearing area, due to trauma, were repaired by such an approach; free skin flap was designed and pre-fabricated at the contralateral plantar center, and 3 weeks later the free skin flap, with sensory nerve was transplanted to the site of skin defect, fixed by stitches through drilled holes in the calcaneous bone. All of 8 cases were followed up for 15 to 23 months before clinical evaluation.