Integration of food raw materials, food microbiology, and food additives: systematic research and comprehensive insights into sweet sorghum juice, TGL-A236 and bio-butyric acid.

Introduction: Sweet sorghum juice is a typical production feedstock for natural, eco-friendly sweeteners and beverages. is one of the widely used microorganisms in the food industry, and its principal product, bio-butyric acid is an important food additive. There are no published reports of producing butyric acid using SSJ as the sole substrate without adding exogenous substances, which could reach a food-additive grade.

Physiological and biochemical characteristics of the carbon ion beam irradiation-generated mutant strain Clostridium butyricum FZM 240 in vitro and in vivo.

Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) represents a new generation of probiotics, which is beneficial because of its good tolerance and ability to produce beneficial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and enzymes; however, its low enzyme activity limits its probiotic efficacy. In this study, a mutant strain, C.

A Review: Cytochrome P450 in Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Alcoholic fatty liver disease (FALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have similar pathological spectra, both of which are associated with a series of symptoms, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. These clinical manifestations are caused by hepatic lipid synthesis and metabolism dysregulation and affect human health. Despite having been studied extensively, targeted therapies remain elusive.

Fisetin Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy-Induced Podocyte Injury by Modulating Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 Signaling Pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe microvascular complications of diabetes and has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease formation. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is very complex and is still not fully understood. Fisetin is a flavonoid polyphenolic compound that is widely found in different fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants.

Interactions between and the resident microbiota.

is a prevalent, opportunistic human fungal pathogen. It usually dwells in the human body as a commensal, however, once in its pathogenic state, it causes diseases ranging from debilitating superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. The switch from harmless colonizer to virulent pathogen is, in most cases, due to perturbation of the fungus-host-microbiota interplay.

Mitochondrial phylogeny, divergence history and high-altitude adaptation of grassland caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lymantriinae: Gynaephora) inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau.

Grassland caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lymantriinae: Gynaephora) are the most important pests in alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and have well adapted to high-altitude environments. To further understand the evolutionary history and their adaptation to the TP, we newly determined seven complete TP Gynaephora mitogenomes. Compared to single genes, whole mitogenomes provided the best phylogenetic signals and obtained robust results, supporting the monophyly of the TP Gynaephora species and a phylogeny of Arctiinae + (Aganainae + Lymantriinae).

A small set of differentially expressed genes was associated with two color morphs in natural populations of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Color polymorphism is an ecologically important trait, which is related to local adaptation and ecological speciation. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum shows color polymorphism: the red and green color morphs where differences in ecological adaptation have been observed. Here, we measured genome-wide gene expression profiles of two color morphs in natural populations of A.

Mitochondrial genome of (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) and phylogenetic analysis.

In this study we sequenced and annotated the nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), an important insect pest on sweetpotato and water spinach in Southern China. This mitogenome was 13,546 bp long and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 19 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and 2 ribosomal RNA unit genes. The mitogenome with an A + T content of 77.

Two new phenols from Lysimachia patungensis.

Two new phenols, methyl 3-(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl) propionate (1) and myricetin-3,3',5'-tri-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), together with six known phenols compounds (3-8), were isolated from the whole plant of Lysimachia patungensis Hand.-Mazz. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the interpretation of spectroscopic data, viz.

[Anti-atherosclerotic Effects of Bear Bile Powder in Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill: a Mechanism Study].

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE : To study the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of bear bile powder (BBP) in Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill (STDP) , and to provide scientific evidence for treating atherosclerosis (AS) by its therapeutic characteristics of cool resuscitation.

Methods: AS model was duplicated using ApoE-/- gene knocked mice fed with high-fat diet. Thirty ApoE-/- deficient male mice were divided into four groups according to body weight using random digit table, i.