Potential Biochemical Mechanisms of Brain Injury in Diabetes Mellitus.

The goal of this review was to summarize current biochemical mechanisms of and risk factors for diabetic brain injury. We mainly summarized mechanisms published in the past three years and focused on diabetes induced cognitive impairment, diabetes-linked Alzheimer's disease, and diabetic stroke. We think there is a need to conduct further studies with increased sample sizes and prolonged period of follow-ups to clarify the effect of DM on brain dysfunction.

[Prokaryotic expression of the major antigenic domain of equine arteritis virus GL protein and the establishment of putative indirect ELISA assay].

According to the antigenic analysis of equine arteritis virus (EAV) GL protein, one pair of primers were designed, with which the gene fragment coding the high antigenic domain of EAV GL protein was amplified from the EAV genome. The cloned gene was digested with BamH I and Xho I and then inserted into pET-32a and resulted pET-GL1. The pET-GL1 was transformed into the host cell BL21(DE3) and the expression was optimized including cultivation temperature and concentration of IPTG.

Development of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with TaqMan probe for the quantitative detection of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus from shrimp.

An assay was developed for the detection of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A pair of primers and a TaqMan probe were designed that are specific for the recognition of a conservative region in the IHHNV genome. The IHHNV real-time PCR assay had a detection limit of 9 DNA copies, with a dynamic range of detection between 9 x 106 and 9 DNA copies.

Polymerase chain reaction method to detect canis materials by amplification of species-specific DNA fragment.

Rapid identification of mammal materials in feeding stuffs and food is essential for effective control of a potential source of pathogens, such as those that cause bovine spongiform encephalopathy. A convenient polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed for detection and identification of a canis-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence in foodstuffs and food. The amplified canis-specific PCR product was a 213 base pair band from the D-loop DNA fragment of mitochondria, a high copy gene which should improve the possibility of amplifying template molecules of adequate size among the degraded DNA fragments brought about by heat denaturation.

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for detection of bovine materials in foodstuffs.

Rapid identification of bovine materials in animal foodstuffs is essential for effective control of a potential source of bovine spongiform encephalophathy. A convenient polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed for detection and identification of a bovine-specific genomic DNA sequence in foodstuffs. Simultaneously the assay assessed the DNA quality of the experiment system by amplification of a highly conserved eucaryotic DNA region of the 18-S ribosomal gene, helping to check the reliability of the test result.