Effects of Combined Spinal-Epidural Analgesia during Labor on Postpartum Electrophysiological Function of Maternal Pelvic Floor Muscle: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Combined spinal-epidural analgesia (CSEA) is sometimes used for difficult births, but whether it contributes to postpartum pelvic muscle disorder is unclear. This randomized controlled trial examined whether CSEA given during labor affects the electrophysiological index of postpartum pelvic floor muscle function.

Methods: A consecutive sample of primiparous women who delivered vaginally at term were randomly assigned to a CSEA group (n = 143) and control group (n = 142) between June 2013 and June 2014.

Hemodynamics and oxygen transport dynamics during hepatic resection at different central venous pressures in a pig model.

Background: Although low central venous pressure (CVP) has been used to minimize blood loss during hepatectomy, the impact of variations of CVP on the rate of blood loss and on the perfusion of end-organs has not been evaluated. This animal study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamics and oxygen transport changes during hepatic resection at different CVP levels.

Methods: Forty-eight anesthetized Bama miniature pigs were divided into 8 groups with CVP during hepatic resection controlled at 0 to <1, 1 to <2, 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 4 to <5, 5 to <6, 6 to <7, and 7 to <8 cmH2O.