Whole genome sequencing of multidrug resistant Enterobacterales identified in children and their household members within Siem Reap, Cambodia.

Objectives: To explore the association of recent hospitalization and asymptomatic carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDRE) and determine the prevailing strains and antibiotic resistance genes in Siem Reap, Cambodia using WGS.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, faecal samples were collected from two arms: a hospital-associated arm consisted of recently hospitalized children (2-14 years), with their family members; and a community-associated arm comprising children in the matching age group and their family members with no recent hospitalization. Forty-two families in each study arm were recruited, with 376 enrolled participants (169 adults and 207 children) and 290 stool specimens collected from participants.

Comparative Activities of Novel Therapeutic Agents against Molecularly Characterized Clinical Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates.

Limited treatment options exist for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant (CRE) bacteria. Fortunately, there are several recently approved antibiotics indicated for CRE infections. Here, we examine the activity of various novel agents (eravacycline, plazomicin, ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam) and comparators (tigecycline, amikacin, levofloxacin, fosfomycin, polymyxin B) against 365 well-characterized CRE clinical isolates with various genotypes.

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Resistance and Mechanisms in Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study established the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and its genotypic resistance mechanisms by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 195 carbapenem-nonsusceptible (CNSPA) clinical isolates recovered from Singapore between 2009 and 2020. C/T susceptibility rates were low, at 37.9%.

MIRUReader: MIRU-VNTR typing directly from long sequencing reads.

Summary: Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing is widely used to genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in epidemiological studies for tracking tuberculosis transmission. Recent long-read sequencing technologies from Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies can produce reads that are long enough to cover the entire repeat regions in each MIRU-VNTR locus which was previously not possible using the short reads from Illumina high-throughput sequencing technologies. We thus developed MIRUReader for MIRU-VNTR typing directly from long sequence reads.

Risk factors and outcomes associated with the isolation of polymyxin B and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae spp.: A case-control study.

Increasing resistance to polymyxin, a last-line antibiotic, is a growing public health concern worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to identify predictors for the isolation of polymyxin-resistant (PR) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among hospitalized patients. The secondary objective was to describe the clinical outcomes of patients with PR-CRE infections.