Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can quantitatively identify malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) from SIP with coexisting malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (MT-SIP).

Methods: This retrospective study included 122 patients with 88 SIP and 34 MT-SIP. Quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI were compared between SIP and MT-SIP.

Suppression of Immunotherapy on Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are regarded as a novel population of lineage-negative cells that induce innate Type 2 responses by producing the critical Th2-type cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13. ILC2s as key players in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) have been proved, however, the effect of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract (Der p-SCIT) on ILC2s in AR patients is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the response of ILC2s of peripheral blood in house dust mites (HDM)-sensitized Chinese patients with AR who received SCIT with Der P extract.

The intranasal endoscopic removal of schwannoma of the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae via the prelacrimal recess approach.

Objective: This study was undertaken to analyze the results of a novel surgical method-the endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA)-in patients with tumors involving the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and infratemporal fossa (ITF). The surgical technique and indications for this approach are also discussed.

Methods: The authors analyzed data from 7 cases involving patients who underwent resection of PPF and ITF tumors by means of the endoscopic PLRA from 2004 to 2013.

[CT and MRI diagnosis of lesions in unilateral maxillary sinus].

Objective: To study the CT and MRI findings of lesions in unilateral maxillary sinus, and to compare the effect of CT and MRI in the differential diagnosis of lesions in unilateral maxillary sinus.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of CT and contract-enhanced MRI imaging data from 34 patients with lesions in unilateral maxillary sinus which were diagnosed by endoscopic sinus surgery and postoperative pathology. The CT and contract-enhanced MRI's value in the differential diagnosis in lesions in unilateral maxillary sinus was analysed.

[Removal of Schwannoma in the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa via endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach].

Objective: To sum up and analyze the results of surgical removal of Schwannoma in the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa (PPF and ITF) through postero-lateral wall via prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA). The surgical technique and indications were presented and discussed.

Methods: Six patients aged from 29-59 year-old with Schwannoma in the PPF and ITF, who received the tumor resection via PLRA under endoscope, were enrolled in this paper.

[Transnasal endoscopic removal of orbital apex cavernous hemangioma].

Objective: To explore the strategy and indications of endoscopic transnasal resection of orbital apex cavernous hemangiomas (OACH).

Methods: Eleven patients aged from 30 to 62 years-old diagnosed as OACH bypostoperative histopathology were reviewed retrospectively. Four males and 7 females were included.

[Clinical implication of global osteitis score system and its role in evaluation of osteitis of chronic rhinosinusitis].

Objective: To investigate the clinical application of Global Osteitis Score System (GOSS). To determine the association between GOSS, Lund-Mackay scores and Lund-Kennedy scores and to investigate the incidence of osteitis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods: Three hundreds and thirty-four patients with CRS were enrolled prospectively in a large tertiary referral center.

Intranasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach to maxillary sinus.

Background: The inferior turbinate (IT) and nasolacrimal duct (NLD) are often sacrificed while managing the diffuse lesion of maxillary sinus (MS). We report a new approach to MS without ablation of NLD and IT.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 19 hospitalized patients (aged from 42 to 68 years) who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery between 2003 and 2008.

[Long-term efficacy of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis: a 3-year prospective study].

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DerP) in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Ninety-two patients with allergic rhinitis to DerP were randomly allocated to receive either specific immunotherapy (n = 46) or medical treatment (n = 46). Symptom and medication scores and skin response to Derp were assessed to evaluate the clinical efficacy in the baseline and after three years treatment.

Differential expression of Toll-like receptor pathway genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is characterized by the down-regulation of a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling pathway and such a deficiency within the innate immune system may contribute to the inflammatory process of CRSsNP. In contrast, the inflammatory process found in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by an excessively activated TLR-mediated signaling pathway, which may contribute to the formation of nasal polyps. This study suggests that the pathophysiologic mechanism of CRSsNP and CRSwNP is different.

[Analysis of follow-up outcomes of endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure].

Objective: To sum up the follow-up outcomes of endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) and retrospectively analyze the indications, methods and prognostic factors of EMLP.

Methods: The collected data of 73 cases who received EMLP with frontal sinus diseases were analyzed in this paper. The mean age was 45.

[Clinical application of Draf IIb frontal sinusotomy and it's modified procedures].

Objective: To summarize the follow-up outcomes of Draf IIb frontal sinusotomy and it's modified procedures, and to discuss the surgical indications and prognostic factors.

Methods: Thirty-two patients treated between 2004 and 2010 were enrolled in this study. There were 15 patients for recurrent frontal inverted papilloma (IP), 6 for mucocele, 4 for recurrent frontal sinusitis, 3 for osteoma, 2 for meningoencephalocele with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, 1 for meningoencephalocele alone and 1 for acute frontal sinusitis.

Clinical and histopathologic features of biofilm-associated chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Chinese patients.

Background: Biofilms have given new insights to the understanding of pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the link between biofilms formation and local inflammatory response remains poorly defined in CRS with nasal polys. The aim of this study was to determine the potential association of the presence of biofilms in the nasal mucosal tissues with clinical features in Chinese patients, which had CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

[Comparative study on cluster and conventional immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a 6-week cluster schedule of specific immunotherapy with that of a 14-week conventional schedule for the treatment of subjects with persistent allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods: The trial was a prospective and randomized study involving 80 patients with persistent AR, who were allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. While 40 patients were randomly assigned to the cluster schedule reaching the maintenance dose within 6 weeks, the other 40 patients were randomly assigned to the conventional schedule reaching the maintenance dose within 14 weeks.

[Prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in 10 030 patients with allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To investigate the main inhaled allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Forty-three standardization allergens were used to perform skin prick test in 54 813 patients with chronic rhinitis. According to different gender and age groups, 10 030 patients with allergic rhinitis were divided into eight groups.

[Clinical efficacy and immunological changes in children with allergic rhinitis receiving specific immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and immunological changes of children receiving subcutaneous immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

Methods: Sixty-four children with allergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) were randomly allocated to receive either specific immunotherapy (n = 32) or medical treatment (n = 32). Symptom and medication scores were assessed to evaluate the clinical efficacy in the baseline and after one year treatment.

[Correlation between FOXP3 gene polymorphisms and allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between polymorphisms in the FOXP3 locus and the susceptibility of allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Two polymorphisms in FOXP3 locus were genotyped in 193 subjects with allergic rhinitis and 191 healthy controls. The polymorphisms were chosen in terms of the information from Hapmap website as well as Haploview version 4.

[Treatment of allergic rhinitis with nasal mometasone furoate].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of nasal mometasone furoate on moderate to severe allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis were enrolled and received mometasone furoate nasal spray 200 microg once daily for four weeks. Four hundreds and sixty-three patients completed the study.

[Efficacy and safety of cluster immunotherapy for 154 patients with allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cluster immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus for allergic rhinitis.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-four patients with allergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were allocated to receive specific immunotherapy in a 6-week cluster schedule during the incremental-dose phase. Thereafter, these patients received maintenance-dose injection at 6-week intervals until the end of 1 year of treatment.

[Endoscopic management of the inverted papilloma involving frontal sinus and its drainage pathway].

Objective: The endoscopic management of inverted papilloma has gained increasing popularity over the last 15 years. However, the appropriate management of lesions involving the frontal sinus and its drainage pathway still has to be determined.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the results of the patients with inverted papilloma in the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery department, Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2004 to 2007 to identify the patients with lesions involving frontal sinus and its drainage pathway.

[CT evolution of nasal steroid management of chronic rhinosinusitis].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of topical steroid treatment of nonpolypoid chronic sinusitis.

Methods: Two cohorts of adult and children with nonpolypoid chronic sinusitis were investigated. The first cohort consisted of 11 pediatric patients [mean age, (11.

[Impacts of socioeconomic and environmental factors on self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis in eleven cities in China].

Objective: Recent findings suggest that environmental factors play important roles in the etiology of allergic rhinitis, however, data on the impacts of socioeconomic and environmental factors on self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis in China is sparse, which is the aim of this study.

Methods: Telephone interviews were performed in 11 cities throughout the mainland of China, and the association between environmental factors and self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis were evaluated by multiple linear correlation tests.

Results: In total, there was no association between the adjusted self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis and socioeconomic factors such as GDP, GDP per capita, gross output value of industry and gross output value of industry per capita, while the adjusted self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis was positively correlated with the concentration of SO2, and no association was found between adjusted self-reported rate of allergic rhinitis and either meteorological factors including annual average temperature, annual average relative humidity, annual hours of sunshine and annual precipitation or other air pollution factors including NO2 and PMl0.