Genetic differentiation and species diversification of the Adoxophyes orana complex (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in East Asia.

The Adoxophyes tea tortrix (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a group of leaf rollers that cause enormous economic losses on tea and apple crops. In East Asia, taxonomic ambiguity of the Adoxophyes orana complex (AOC), which consists of A. orana, A.

Composition and Dynamics of Hexapod Communities on Yushan Bamboo () in the Subtropical Montane Areas of Taiwan.

Plant communities that colonize high-elevation zones generally have short growing seasons which lead to specialized adaptations in such zones. In montane areas of Taiwan, Yushan bamboo (YB, ) is dominant at elevations ranging from 2500 to 3300 m and grows in a grassland-like open habitat. In this study, hexapods were collected from YB bimonthly between 2009 and 2012 by using a sweeping net.

Genetic Profile of the Parasitic Varroan Mite (Arachnida: Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in Taiwan: a New Taiwanese Haplotype Intermediate Between the Highly Virulent Russian and Less Virulent Japanese Types Identified in the Honey Bee Host .

The Modern beekeeping industry is being challenged by the varroan mite and its transmitted pathogens. Various types of exhibit different levels of virulence toward honey bees, but only the Japanese (J) and Russian (R) types were found to infect . Type R was more highly virulent against in comparison with type J.

Global population genetic structure and lineage differentiation of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans.

The bloodsucking fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that transmits potential pathogens mechanically. We conduct phylogeographic analyses of S. calcitrans to resolve its global population genetic structure for establishing baseline of molecular studies.

Molecular epidemiology of Akabane virus in Taiwan.

Background: Akabane virus (AKAV) is a teratogenic and neuropathogenic arbovirus that infects livestock and wild animals. AKAVs are endemic arboviruses from dairy farms in Taiwan in 1989, and the first sequence was detected in cattle with nonsuppurative encephalitis in 1992.

Objectives: This study aims to understand the epidemiological relationships of the akabane viruses between Taiwan and nearby places.

Differentiation patterns of emperor moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Saturniinae) of a continental island: divergent evolutionary history driven by Pleistocene glaciations.

Background: On the basis of molecular dating, Pleistocene glaciations have been proposed as the major driving force of biota speciation in the Palearctic and the pre-Quaternary origin of Amazonian taxa. However, the major driving factors in East Asia remain unclear. All 16 saturniine species inhabiting Taiwan with congeners of populations, subspecies, or species in East Asia constitute research objects for addressing the mode of speciation because of the repeated formation and disappearance of a landbridge from the Asian mainland to Taiwan during glacial cycles.

Drugstore Beetle Damage Pattern of Glue Paste-Lined Oil Paintings.

A glue paste lining is a traditional conservation treatment used to reinforce the aged canvas of oil paintings. Several insect infestation cases concerning glue paste-lined oil paintings have been reported around the world, particularly in European countries. In 2008, Chimei Museum, a private museum located in Tainan, Taiwan, was affected by a severe beetle infestation of oil paintings.

Molecular Characteristics of Fat Body Protein 1 in the Oriental Fruit Fly, .

fat body protein 1 () cDNA was cloned (GenBank accession no. MT514270), and the complete 3,749-bp cDNA encoded a 1,152-amino acid protein. The phylogenetic relationship of dipteran was analyzed.

Ancestral Haplotype Retention and Population Expansion Determine the Complicated Population Genetic Structure of the Hilly Lineage of Complex (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) on the Subtropical Taiwan Island.

The present study demonstrates that the complicated genetic structure of the hilly lineage of the complex was driven by its biological features and habitat requirements as well as hindrance by the CMR during periodical Pleistocene glaciations. The results revealed a tendency of geographical differentiation and major and sub- lineage divergences before and after the Riss glaciation, followed by stable population growth during Würm glaciation. At least four refugia were inferred for .

Influence of gap distance between bone and plate on structural stiffness and parallel interfragmental movement in far-cortical locking technique - a biomechanical study.

Sufficient interfragmental movement is the key to successful fracture healing in the theory of secondary bone healing. The far-cortical locking technique enables both stiffness reduction and parallel motion for ideal callus formation and fracture healing, but the influence of plate-bone gap on the performance of far-cortical locking technique remains unclear. The current study conducted a series of finite element analyses with mechanical validation to clarify this issue.

Rapid identification of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) using species-specific primers in multiplex PCR.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a major pest native to the Americas. A recent invasion of FAWs from Africa eastward to South Asia, the Indochina Peninsula, and mainland China has received much attention due to the considerable economic losses in agriculture. FAWs can rapidly colonise a new area, likely due to the wide range of host plants, good flying capability, and high egg production.

Invasive and Quarantine Risks of Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in East Asia: Hybridization or Gene Flow Between Differentiated Lineages.

Pear psyllids are major pests and the causal agents of pear decline disease in orchards. In the past two decades, their outbreaks have raised issues pertaining to invasions and taxonomic identification of the dimorphic Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang and Li) in East Asia. The present study elucidated, as an aid to quarantine management, the invasive origins, differentiation history, and putative gene flow and hybridization between C.

Cephalomalthinus simplicicornis (Wittmer, 1993) rev. stat. et comb. n.: a resurrected soldier beetle (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from Taiwan based on morphological and molecular data.

The genus Cephalomalthinus Pic, 1921 is a diverse group of soldier beetles known from East Asia, with modifications on the male antennae, which are traditionally used for species delimitation. However, antennae are uniform in some Cephalomalthinus groups, thus making species identification difficult. In this study, both morphological and molecular data are applied to solve the generic classification and species status of Micropodabrus simplicicornis Wittmer, 1993, which was recently synonymized with Cephalomalthinus formosanus (Pic, 1910).

Identification of Subterranean Termite Genus, Reticulitermes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in Taiwan.

Species identification in the genus Reticulitermes is often difficult because of ambiguous morphological characters. Challenges in Reticulitermes spp. recognition have also been encountered in East Asia, including Taiwan.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α6 associated with spinosad resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae).

The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, which is a primary pest of stored products, breaks up whole grains and makes them susceptible to secondary infestation by other pests. Insecticide application is the main control measure against this borer. A resistant strain of R.

Subspecific Differentiation Events of Montane Stag Beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) Endemic to Formosa Island.

Taxonomic debates have been carrying on for decades over Formosan stag beetles, which consist of a high proportion of endemic species and subspecies featuring morphological variations associated with local adaptation. With the influence of periodical Pleistocene glaciations and the presence of several mountain ranges, the genetic differentiation and taxonomic recognition, within this medium-size island, of two endemic subspecies for each of four montane stag beetles, i.e.

Revision of Mandarella Duvivier from Taiwan, with a new species, new synonymies and identities of highly variable species (Insecta, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini).

Taiwanese species of Mandarella Duvivier are compared on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. Only three of eleven morphospecies are considered to be valid. Mandarella uenoi (Kimoto, 1969) is transferred from the genus Luperus Geoffroy.

A NONOVARY-SPECIFIC VITELLOGENIN RECEPTOR FROM THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera dorsalis (HENDEL).

The yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin (Vg), is absorbed into growing oocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis for embryonic development. In this study, a Vg receptor (VgR) cDNA of the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) was cloned via RT-PCR and RACE (GenBank accession no. KR535603) and its expression analyzed.

Taxonomy and biology of a new ambrosia gall midge Daphnephila urnicola sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing urn-shaped leaf galls on two species of Machilus (Lauraceae) in Taiwan.

Recent field surveys show that galls induced by Daphnephila spp. (Cecidomyiidae) on Machilus spp. (Lauraceae) are common in Taiwan, yet only five species, four leaf-gall inducers and one stem-gall inducer on M.

cDNA CLONING AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE CECROPIN AND ATTACIN FROM THE ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera dorsalis (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE).

We described the cDNA cloning of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cecropin (BdCec), and attacin C (BdAttC), from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a serious insect pest of fruit trees. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends, fragments encompassing the entire open reading frames of BdCec and BdAttC were cloned and sequenced. The complete 425 bp cDNA of BdCec encodes a protein of 64 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 6.

Differentiation in stag beetles, Neolucanus swinhoei complex (Coleoptera: Lucanidae): four major lineages caused by periodical Pleistocene glaciations and separation by a mountain range.

Taxonomic debates on Neolucanus swinhoei complex consisting of N. swinhoei, N. doro doro, N.

cDNA cloning and transcriptional expression profiles of a hexamerin in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis.

A Bactrocera dorsalis hexamerin (BdAr) cDNA was cloned (GenBank accession no. KF815528), and its transcriptional expression profiles were determined. The complete 2,530-bp cDNA encodes a 780-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 94.