Purpose: The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level with best respiratory system compliance (Crs) is frequently used for PEEP selection in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. On occasion, two similar best Crs (where the difference between the Crs of two PEEP levels is < 1 ml/cm HO) may be identified during decremental PEEP titration. Selecting PEEP under such conditions is challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe non-uniform intensity profile of Gaussian-like laser beams used in interference lithography (IL) leads to a non-uniform dose and feature size distribution across the sample. Previously described methods to improve dose uniformity are reviewed. However, here we examine the behavior of the non-uniformity from the viewpoint of photoresist response rather than the IL system configuration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSub-15 nm-wide gratings with a high aspect ratio of up to 16:1 were fabricated using roll-to-roll nanoimprinting and plasma trimming to achieve high optical performance (up to 12 000:1 extinction ratio with an average transmittance of 82%) and low colour shift (transmittance variation less than 3%) flexible wire-grid polarizers for display applications. We applied two imprint platforms onto glass and plastic substrates to identify the optical properties and characteristics of each fabrication process. To enhance the tolerance, reproducibility, and optical performance of the process, the grating profile symmetry and varying residual layer thicknesses were precisely simulated and controlled to achieve the design targets.
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