Non-O1, Non-O139 Bacteremia in an Autoimmune Pancreatitis Patient.

Over 200 different serogroups of based on O-polysaccharide specificity have been described worldwide, including the two most important serogroups, O1 and O139. Non-O1/non-O139 serogroups generally do not produce the cholera-causing toxin but do sporadically cause gastroenteritis and extra-intestinal infections. Recently, however, bloodstream infections caused by non-O1/non-O139 are being increasingly reported, and these infections are associated with high mortality in immunocompromised hosts.

Coexpression of Helios in Foxp3 Regulatory T Cells and Its Role in Human Disease.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the Foxp3 transcription factor are indispensable for the maintenance of immune system homeostasis. Tregs may lose Foxp3 expression or be reprogrammed into cells that produce proinflammatory cytokines, for example, Th1-like Tregs, Th2-like Tregs, Th17-like Tregs, and Tfh-like Tregs. Accordingly, selective therapeutic molecules that manipulate Treg lineage stability and/or functional activity might have the potential to improve aberrant immune responses in human disorders.

Downregulation of miR-4772-3p promotes enhanced regulatory T cell capacity in malignant pleural effusion by elevating Helios levels.

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a complicated condition of patients with advanced tumors. Further dissecting the microenvironment of infiltrated immune cells and malignant cells are warranted to understand the immune-evasion mechanisms of tumor development and progression.

Methods: The possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in malignant pleural fluid was investigated using small RNA sequencing.

Characteristics of H7N9 avian influenza pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of 17 cases.

Background: H7N9 avian influenza is an infection of public health concern, in part because of its high mortality rate and pandemic potential.

Aims: To describe the clinical features of H7N9 avian influenza and the response to treatment.

Methods: Clinical, radiological and histopathological data, and treatment-related of H7N9-infected patients hospitalised during 2014-2017 were extracted and analysed.