The growth and developmental of the myodural bridge and its associated structures in the human fetus.

Myodural bridge (MDB) is a dense connective tissue between suboccipital muscle and dura mater. However, there are few reports on the development and maturation of the human MDB. This study aims to explore the developmental relationship between suboccipital muscle and MDB.

Anulamycins A-F, Cinnamoyl-Containing Peptides from a Lake Sediment Derived .

Bioinformatics analysis of a whole genome sequence coupled with HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that sp. Hu103 has the capacity to produce skyllamycin analogues. A subsequent chemical investigation of this strain yielded four new cinnamoyl-containing cyclopeptides, anulamycins A-D (-), two new cinnamoyl-containing linear peptides, anulamycins E and F ( and ), and two known cyclopeptides, skyllamycins A () and B ().

Two new 22-membered macrolides from Streptomyces sp. HU210.

Two new 22-membered macrolide metabolites, phthoramycins B (1) and C (2), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. HU210. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic techniques including 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS data.

Two new cyclopentenone metabolites from sp. HU119.

Two previously undescribed cyclopentenone metabolites, ()-2-(3-acetylamino-2-methyl)propyl-3-butyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one () and ()-2-(3-acetylamino-2-ethyl)propyl-3-butyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the strain sp. HU119. The structures of and were determined by the comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1 D, 2 D NMR, MS spectral analysis and the comparison with data from the literature.

A new -class milbemycin derivative from a mutant of genetically engineered strain AVE-H39.

A new -class milbemycin, 13hydroxy milbemycin (), was isolated from the fermentation broth of a mutant of genetically engineered strain AVE-H39. Its structure and absolute configuration were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Up-Regulation Thioredoxin Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Neurodegeneration.

Background/aims: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of adult blindness in developed countries. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation in diabetes is associated with its complications. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small molecule (12kDa) antioxidant protein widely distributed in mammalian tissues, which has important biological functions including anti-apoptosis and transcriptional regulation.

Neural stem cells over-expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor promote neuronal survival and cytoskeletal protein expression in traumatic brain injury sites.

Cytoskeletal proteins are involved in neuronal survival. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor can increase expression of cytoskeletal proteins during regeneration after axonal injury. However, the effect of neural stem cells genetically modified by brain-derived neurotrophic factor transplantation on neuronal survival in the injury site still remains unclear.

A novel oleanolic acid-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticle for liver cancer treatment.

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid, has many important biological actions, including antitumor effect, but its poor solubility often leads to poor pharmacodynamics. The aim of our work is to make OA-loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS) nanoparticles (OPTN) to improve its efficacy to liver cancer and characterize it.

Reconfirmation of the right medial division of the portal venous system of liver.

With the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, an increasing amount of researchers have reported discrepancies between the real distribution of the hepatic portal vein branches and Couinaud's segmentation, especially for further division of the right medial division. The present study investigated 25 cadaveric liver dissections and 30 three-dimensional reconstruction images of intrahepatic vessels. The ramifications, course, distribution and quantity of the portal branches were analyzed.

A combination method for preparing casting and transparent liver specimen.

With the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, a more accurate understanding of intrahepatic vessels and hepatic segments is necessary. Previously, research in these fields was primarily by means of dissecting livers, preparing corrosion cast specimens, reconstructing three-dimensional MSCT images of intrahepatic vessels, and so on. The aim of this study was to search for a new specimen preparing method, which could demonstrate intrahepatic vessels and the relationships between internal vessels and external structures of liver simultaneously.