YTHDF3 Modulates EGFR/ATK/ERK/p21 Signaling Axis to Promote Cancer Progression and Osimertinib Resistance of Glioblastoma Cells.

Background/aim: Despite recent advances in EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drugs for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), intrinsic EGFR alterations in GBM have resulted in drug resistance and unsatisfactory clinical development of EGFR-TKIs. Determining the unknown mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKI drug resistance is an urgent, but unmet, medical need for GBM. Although several mA RNA methylation regulators, such as reader YTHDF1/2, were recently predicted to be related to GBM recurrence, none was associated with resistance to the 3 generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib.

Thyroid hormone upregulates LAMP2 expression and lysosome activity.

Thyroid hormone (T)-induced autophagy and its biological significance have been extensively investigated in recent years. However, limited studies to date have focused on the important role of lysosomes in autophagy. In this study, we explored the effects of T on lysosomal protein expression and trafficking in detail.

Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of NRF2 in Kidney Injury and Diseases.

Redox is a constant phenomenon in organisms. From the signaling pathway transduction to the oxidative stress during the inflammation and disease process, all are related to reduction-oxidation (redox). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor targeting many antioxidant genes.

Therapeutic Potential of Extracts from (MTE) in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes that leads to end-stage kidney disease and is a major health burden worldwide. Prenylflavonoid compounds extracted from (MTE) exhibit anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial properties. However, the effects of these compounds on diabetic nephropathy remain unclear.

Immune Modulation by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) frequently leads to end-stage renal disease and other life-threatening illnesses. The dysregulation of glomerular cell types, including mesangial cells, endothelial cells, and podocytes, appears to play a vital role in the development of DKD. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exhibit immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties through the depletion of L-arginine that is required by T cells, through generation of oxidative stress, interference with T-cell recruitment and viability, proliferation of regulatory T cells, and through the promotion of pro-tumorigenic functions.

LPAL2 Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating MMP9 Expression.

Tumor metastasis is a complex process modulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that ultimately result in poorer patient outcomes, including diminished survival. Pseudogene-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play important roles in cancer progression. In the current study, we found that the pseudogene-derived lncRNA LPAL2 is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, and further showed that elevated LPAL2 expression is positively correlated with survival outcome.

New Insights into the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases: When Mechanisms Become Vivid.

Treatment for glomerular diseases has been extrapolated from the experience of other autoimmune disorders while the underlying pathogenic mechanisms were still not well understood. As the classification of glomerular diseases was based on patterns of juries instead of mechanisms, treatments were typically the art of try and error. With the advancement of molecular biology, the role of the immune agent in glomerular diseases is becoming more evident.

Functional and Clinical Significance of Dysregulated microRNAs in Liver Cancer.

Liver cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. This mainly reflects the lack of early diagnosis tools and effective treatment methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-transcribed RNAs, some of which play important regulatory roles in liver cancer.

CMAHP promotes metastasis by reducing ubiquitination of Snail and inducing angiogenesis via GM-CSF overexpression in gastric cancer.

Pseudogenes are generally considered "junk" DNA or "genomic fossils" generated during the evolution process that lack biological activity. However, accumulating reports indicate that pseudogenes have biological functions critical for cancer development. Experiments from the current study showed marked overexpression of the cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase pseudogene (CMAHP) in gastric cancer, which was associated with poor overall survival.

Association between Inflammation and Function of Cell Adhesion Molecules Influence on Gastrointestinal Cancer Development.

Gastrointestinal cancer is highly associated with inflammatory processes inducing the release of cytokines from cancer or immune cells, including interferons, interleukins, chemokines, colony-stimulating factors, and growth factors, which promote or suppress tumor progression. Inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment promote immune cell infiltration. Infiltrating immune, and tumor-surrounding stromal cells support tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression through communication with inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules.

Functional roles of non-coding RNAs regulated by thyroid hormones in liver cancer.

Recent reports have shown the important role of the non-coding part of human genome RNA (ncRNA) in cancer formation and progression. Among several kinds of ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNA) play a pivotal role in cancer biology. Accumulating researches have been focused on the importance of non-coding genes in various diseases.

Malnutrition associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications following hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional risk factors for postoperative complications following hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: The preoperative nutritional status of patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection was evaluated using the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). The perioperative variables were compared between well-nourished and malnourished patients.

Chemical characteristics, source apportionment, and regional transport of marine fine particles toward offshore islands near the coastline of northwestern Taiwan Strait.

This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal variation, chemical composition, and source apportionment of marine fine particles (PM) as well as their regional transport toward the Matsu Islands located near the coastline of northwestern Taiwan Strait. Four offshore island sites located at the Matsu Islands were selected to conduct both regular and intensive sampling of marine PM. Water-soluble ionic species, metallic elements, and carbonaceous contents were then analyzed to characterize the chemical characteristics of marine PM.

Central Hepatectomy Still Plays an Important Role in Treatment of Early-Stage Centrally Located Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Surgical management of centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma (CL-HCC) poses a great challenge. Major hepatectomy (MH) might compromise future remnant liver volume (FRLV), while the long-term benefits of central hepatectomy (CH) had not been well demonstrated.

Methods: Consecutive patients with early-stage CL-HCC who underwent liver resection were enrolled.

Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma: Experience of a Single Center.

BACKGROUND Because the outcome of liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma is often poor, cholangiocarcinoma is a contraindication for liver transplantation in most centers. Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma is a rare type of primary hepatic malignancy containing features of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Diagnosing combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma pre-operatively is difficult.

Nutritional status assessed by scored patient-generated subjective global assessment associated with length of hospital stay in adult patients receiving an appendectomy.

Background: Malnutrition has been associated with poor health outcomes in hospitalized patients. This study assessed the validity of the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) in adult patients who had undergone an open appendectomy, and examined the association of this assessment tool with length of hospital stay.

Methods: Nutritional status was determined by using the scored PG-SGA in adult patients (n = 86) who had undergone an open appendectomy within 24 hours of admission.

Preoperative serum C-reactive protein and gastric cancer; clinical-pathological correlation and prognostic significance.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely-used systemic biomarker for inflammation. Serum CRP is elevated in many malignancies, and is also a prognostic indicator of malignant potential. However, the prognostic significance for survival from gastric cancer has not yet been clarified.