Cost-effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating metastatic urothelial cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is an important treatment option for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients. A lot of clinical evidence proved the survival benefits of ICI, but cost-effectiveness of the treatment remains unclear. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the ICIs treatment in different sequences among mUC patients.

Machine-learning Algorithm-based Risk Prediction and Screening-detected Prostate Cancer in A Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Cohort.

Background/aim: Prostate cancer (PCa) is lethal. Our aim in this retrospective cohort study was to use machine learning-based methodology to predict PCa risk in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), identify potential risk factors, and optimize predictive performance.

Patients And Methods: The dataset was extracted from a clinical information database of patients at a single institute from January 2000 to December 2020.

The impact of squamous cell transformation on the prognosis of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy.

Background: Limited information is available for guiding the management of upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation (UC-SqD). We did not even know about the difference between pure urothelial carcinoma (UC) and UC-SqD in the UUT regardless of treatment policy and prognosis. Instead of direct comparisons against each other, we included the third UUT malignancy, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Bushen Tongluo formula ameliorated testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in older men worldwide. However, there is currently no effective treatment for BPH. Bushen Tongluo Formula (Kidney-supplementing and collaterals-unblocking formula [KCF]) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula commonly used to ameliorate the symptoms of BPH, although the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Metastasectomy Improves Overall Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background/aim: The use of complete metastasectomy for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been shown to improve survival outcomes in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, its effectiveness in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the study was to elucidate the impact of metastasectomy in patients with mRCC who received both TKIs or ICIs.

Polymorphisms as Predictors of the Biochemical Recurrence of Localized Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy.

The downregulation of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), a tumor suppressor gene, is associated with the tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of various cancers. In this study, we investigated the associations between the polymorphisms of , clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer (PCa), and risk of postoperative biochemical recurrence (BCR). We evaluated the effects of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of on the clinicopathologic features of 578 patients with PCa.

Prostate‑specific antigen density and preoperative MRI findings as predictors of biochemical recurrence in high‑risk and very high‑risk prostate cancer.

Patients with high-risk prostate cancer after prostatectomy have a particularly high chance of being diagnosed with biochemical recurrence (BCR). Patients with BCR have a greater risk of disease progression and mortality. The present retrospective observational study aimed to clarify the risk factors for the BCR of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy in patients with high-risk and very high-risk prostate cancer.

Risk analysis of subsequent therapies after first-line chemotherapy in advanced testicular cancer patients.

Background: Testicular cancer is the most common solid cancer diagnosed among young men. Despite good response to chemotherapy and a high survival rate, subsequent salvage therapies may still be required for some patients in advanced stages. The predictive and prognostic markers are crucial unmet needs.

Geriatric nutritional risk index as a prognostic marker for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma receiving radical nephroureterectomy.

To investigate the prognostic value of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in patients with upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UTUC) receiving radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Between January 2001 and December 2015, we enrolled 488 patients with UTUC underwent RNU in Taichung Veterans General Hospital. GNRI before radical surgery was calculated based on serum albumin level and body mass index.

Conventional androgen deprivation therapy is associated with an increased risk of fracture in advanced prostate cancer, a nationwide population-based study.

Purpose: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care in advanced prostate cancer. We conducted a Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) study to evaluate the association between ADT and fracture risk in patient with prostate cancer in Taiwan.

Methods: Between 2001 and 2008, data from the Taiwan NHIRD was collected.

Risk Analysis of Prostate Cancer Development Following Five-alpha Reductase Inhibitor Treatment for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia.

Background/aim: The clinical hazard of prostate cancer development after five-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARI) treatment among benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological features of BPH patients treated in a single institute to identify risk factors associated with prostate cancer development.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were diagnosed with BPH and received alpha blockers (AB) only or 5ARI between January 2007 and December 2012 and followed up until death or December 2020.

The prognostic impact of lymph node dissection for clinically node-negative upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in patients who are treated with radical nephroureterectomy.

Background: To evaluate the prognostic impact of lymph node dissection (LND) in patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff excision (BCE) for clinically node-negative (cN0) upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 520 patients with cN0 UTUC in a single tertiary referral center from 2000 to 2015. The patients were divided into three groups: patients with and without pathologically proved lymph node metastasis (pN1-3 and pN0, respectively) and patients without LND (pNx).

Efficacy of Novel Hormone Agents in the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Real-world Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: Novel hormone agents (NHA) have become important tools for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Among them, abiraterone and enzalutamide are two major regimens in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of both drugs in patients who had disease progression after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), using our real-world database.

Conventional androgen deprivation therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in advanced prostate cancer, a nationwide population-based study.

Purpose: Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment in advanced prostate cancer. We conducted a nationwide population-based study to evaluate the association of ADT and cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2009, patient data from the National Health Insurance database were obtained.

Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Malignancy: Evolution in Revolution or Revolution in Evolution.

Immunotherapy, the 5th pillar of cancer care after surgery, radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and precision therapy (molecular targeted therapy), is revolutionizing the standard of care in certain patients with genitourinary malignancies. As modest clinical benefits of IL-2 for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for early-stage bladder cancers in the past years, immune checkpoint inhibitors therapies demonstrate meaningful survival benefit and durable clinical response in renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and some prostate cancer. Despite best efforts, the benefits are limited to a minority of unselected patients due to the complexities of biomarker development.

Tumor Size Significantly Affects Prognosis in Pathological T3a Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor size in patients with pathological T3aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) postoperatively.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with pathological T2N0M0 and T3aN0M0 RCC undergoing radical or partial nephrectomy at our Institution from 2000-2020. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression was performed.

Docetaxel Rechallenge Improves Survival in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: Docetaxel has been widely used in metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) patients for decades. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of docetaxel rechallenge in patients with mCRPC.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively compared patients who had received either first-line docetaxel and rechallenge after Androgen Receptor-axis Targeted therapies (ARAT), to those without rechallenge docetaxel.

Significant predictors of contralateral upper tract recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the significant predictors of contralateral upper tract recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2015, 548 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy in a single institution were included in this retrospective cohort study. Several clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes were explored.

Associations between LncRNA Polymorphisms and Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer.

Current evidence elucidates that long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 () could regulate genetic expression and play a crucial role in both the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of could alter the oncogenesis in various cancers. However, the associations between SNPs and prostate cancer have barely been investigated to date.

Prognostic Evaluation of the Site of Invasion in Pathological Stage T3a Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: To investigate the prognostic values of fat invasion (FI) and renal vein invasion (RVI) in pT3a renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as single factors or concomitant presence.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 173 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for RCC in our Institution.

Results: At a median follow-up time of 48 months, patients with RVI showed significantly increased risk of disease recurrence and worse cancer-specific survival (CSS) when compared to those with FI (p=0.