Perioperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric congenital heart disease: Chinese expert consensus.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the main supportive diseases of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children. The management of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for pediatric CHD faces more severe challenges due to the complex anatomical structure of the heart, special pathophysiology, perioperative complications and various concomitant malformations. The survival rate of ECMO for CHD was significantly lower than other classifications of diseases according to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization database.

Nanomaterial-involved neural stem cell research: Disease treatment, cell labeling, and growth regulation.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been widely investigated for their potential in the treatment of various diseases and transplantation therapy. However, NSC growth regulation, labeling, and its application to disease diagnosis and treatment are outstanding challenges. Recently, nanomaterials have shown promise for various applications including genetic modification, imaging, and controlled drug release.

ECMO as an effective rescue therapeutic for fulminant myocarditis complicated with refractory cardiac arrest.

Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a life-threatening disease in children. With a rapid, progressive course of deterioration, it causes refractory cardiorespiratory failure even with optimal clinical intervention. We present the case of a 9-year-old girl with FM complicated by cardiogenic shock, malignant arrhythmia, and refractory cardiac arrest.

Assessing the impact of total extracorporeal circulation on hemodynamics in an ovine fetal model.

The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of total extracorporeal circulation on hemodynamics and placental function in an ovine fetal model. Mid-term ovine fetuses (n=6) underwent extracorporeal circulation (30 min), cardioplegic arrest (20 min) and monitoring (120 min). The ascending aorta and umbilical cords of the fetuses were occluded during the bypass and an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator was used as the oxygen source.

MicroRNA-34a targets regulator of calcineurin 1 to modulate endothelial inflammation after fetal cardiac bypass in goat placenta.

Introduction: Placental dysfunction characterized by vascular endothelial inflammation is one of the most notable responses to fetal cardiac bypass. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is an important regulator of inflammatory responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression, and miRNA-34a (miR-34a) was showed to activate vascular endothelial inflammation.

Decrease in inflammatory response does not prevent placental dysfunction after fetal cardiac bypass in goats.

Objective: One of the most significant responses to fetal cardiac bypass is severe placental dysfunction characterized by increased vascular resistance. We tested the hypothesis that fetal cardiac bypass triggers the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-KB), a major regulator of inflammatory response, and that pharmacologic inhibition of NF-KB activation by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate alleviates fetal cardiac bypass-induced placental dysfunction.

Methods: Fifteen pregnant goats at 120 to 140 days' gestation were equally divided into the control group with a sham procedure of fetal sternotomy and cannulation (CG), the fetal bypass group (FB), and the fetal bypass group with 300 mg pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate before sternotomy (FP).

A fetal goat model of cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest and hemodynamic assessment.

Objective: Increasing evidence shows that some cardiac defects may benefit from fetal interventions, including fetal cardiac surgery. We attempted to develop an in vivo animal model of fetal cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest.

Methods: Operations were performed on 14 pregnant goats.

[Anesthetic management during cardiac bypass in fetal lambs].

Objective: To summarize the anesthetic management in fetal lamb cardiac bypass.

Methods: Five ewes at 120-140 days of gestation were anesthetized intramuscularly with katamine hydrochloride, intubated and ventilated with a respirator. Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl and vecuronium.