Urine-derived exosomal PSMA is a promising diagnostic biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer on initial biopsy.

Purpose: It is well-established that the lack of accurate diagnostic modalities for prostate cancer (PCa) leads to overdiagnosis and overtreatments. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the value of urine-derived exosomal prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PCa and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Methods: A total of 284 urine samples were collected from patients after the digital rectal examination (DRE).