Maternal Gestational Weight Status and Offspring Physical Growth Status at Birth, Mid-Childhood and Early Adolescence.

Maternal adiposity has been identified as a predictor of child overweight/obesity; however, it remains unclear whether the association changes as the child ages. We aimed to examine the associations between maternal weight status during pregnancy and offspring physical growth from birth to early adolescence using data from a birth cohort study in rural western China. Maternal weight measurements during the first, second and third trimesters were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) rate, and then were classified following the Institute of Medicine recommendation.

Effects of different exercises on improving gait performance in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: Gait disorder represents a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), and exercise has been established as an effective intervention for gait management in PD. However, the relative efficacy of various exercise types in improving gait among PD patients remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different movement-based interventions in enhancing gait for individuals with PD through a network meta-analysis.

Altered White Matter Microstructure and Cerebral Spontaneous Activity in Early Neurosyphilis Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Objective: To investigate white matter microstructure and spontaneous cerebral activity in early neurosyphilis using tract-based spatial statistics and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF).

Methods: Twenty patients with early neurosyphilis and 20 matched healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent imaging. Neuropsychological tests were performed before each magnetic resonance imaging.

Evolutionary research trends of polysaccharides from Polygonatum genus: A comprehensive review of its isolation, structure, health benefits, and applications.

Polygonatum sibiricum, valued both as a medicinal and nutritional plant, has long been recognized for its health benefits. Increasing evidence highlights its polysaccharides (PSPs) as key components. As research into the structural characteristics and biological activity of PSPs continues to grow, there is rising interest in developing functional foods that harness their therapeutic potential.

The overgrowth of structure-function coupling in premature brain during infancy.

Although the rapid growth of brain structure and function during infancy has been well documented, relatively little is known about how these two developmental processes couple-an aspect that exhibits distinct patterns in adult brain. In this study, the multimodal MRI data from the dHCP database were used to investigate the coupling between brain structure and function in infants, with a particular focus on how prematurity influences this relationship. A similar pattern of the coupling distribution between preterm and full-term infants was identified with coupling index varying across unimodal cortices such as visual and sensorimotor regions and transmodal cortices including default mode network.

Allicin alleviates traumatic brain injury-induced neuroinflammation by enhancing PKC-δ-mediated mitophagy.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to neuroinflammation, which is a key contributor to the negative prognosis in TBI patients. Recent evidence indicates that allicin can prevent neuronal injury after TBI. However, whether allicin alleviates neuroinflammation by promoting mitophagy is unclear.

Evaluation of sample pooling for gene sequencing of SARS-CoV-2: a simulation study.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a significant public health threat, requiring epidemiological and genomic surveillance. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is commonly utilized for monitoring viral evolution at a high cost. This study evaluated pooled sequencing as a cost-effective tool for monitoring virus variants.

Integration of Methylation and Gene Expression Deciphered Candidate Biomarkers DAB2IP and SMYD3 in Delayed Encephalopathy After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

Aims: The objective of this study is to explore the regulatory role of DNA methylation in delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) and to identify candidate epigenetic biomarkers.

Methods: In this study, multi-omics analyses such as methylomics, transcriptomics, pyrophosphate sequencing, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were utilized to investigate the role of epigenetic regulation and altered gene expression in the pathogenesis of DEACMP.

Results: Using integrated analysis, we identified 168 differentially methylated CpGs sites, 334 differentially expressed genes, and two differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes (DAB2IP and SMYD3) in the DEACMP group.

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on physicochemical, thermal, and rheological properties of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate.

To enhance the preparation efficiency of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, this study employed ultrasound pretreatment on tapioca starch and investigated the effects of ultrasound power and treatment duration on the degree of starch modification and its physicochemical properties. Tapioca starch is cross-linked by hydroxypropyl and phosphoric acid to form modified starch. Ultrasonic treatment disrupted the microstructure of starch, creating cracks and fissures on its surface, which facilitated the penetration of the modifying agent and enhanced the modification efficacy.

Comparing the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Highland Barley -Glucan from Different Sources: A Focus on Color.

Herein, -glucan (BG) was extracted from different colored varieties of highland barley (HB, ), defined as BBG, WBG, and LBG depending on the colors of black, white, and blue and their molecular structure and physicochemical properties were investigated through a series of technical methods. The high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) results indicated the extracted BBG, LBG, and WBG mainly comprised glucose regardless of color. The molecular weight (M) of BBG, LBG, and WBG were 55.

Exploring TNFR1: from discovery to targeted therapy development.

This review seeks to elucidate the therapeutic potential of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and enhance our comprehension of its role in disease mechanisms. As a critical cell-surface receptor, TNFR1 regulates key signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are associated with pro-inflammatory responses and cell death. The intricate regulatory mechanisms of TNFR1 signaling and its involvement in various diseases, including inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases, cancer, and metabolic syndromes, have attracted increasing scholarly attention.

[Mechanism of inflammatory microecological response to TAS2R14/SIgA/TSLP in regulating epithelial cell barrier in cold asthma rats through lung-gut axis by using Shegan Mahuang Decoction and bitter and purging Chinese herbs].

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which Shegan Mahuang Decoction(SGMH) and its bitter Chinese herbs(BCHs) regulated the lung-gut axis through the bitter taste receptor 14(TAS2R14)/secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)/thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP) to intervene in the epithelial cell barrier of cold asthma rats. Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: normal group, model group, dexamethasone group, SGMH group, and BCHs group. A 10% ovalbumin(OVA) solution was used to sensitize the rats via subcutaneous injection on both sides of the abdomen and groin, combined with 2% OVA atomization and cold(2-4 ℃) stimulation to induce a cold asthma model in rats.

Impact of time from blood specimens collection to centrifugation on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The process of glycolysis from blood collection to centrifugation impacts the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the specific characteristics of the working environment in China and its influence on GDM diagnosis still need to be clarified.

Methods: Firstly, 15 pregnant women were recruited, and six specimens were collected from each in a fasting state.

Combined analysis of bulk, single-cell RNA sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics reveals the expression patterns of lipid metabolism and ferroptosis in the immune microenvironment of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.

Aims: This study aims to identify key biomarkers associated with ferroptosis and lipid metabolism and investigate their roles in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). It further explores interactions between these biomarkers and the immune-infiltration environment, shedding light on how ferroptosis and lipid metabolism influence immune dynamics in MAFLD.

Main Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data from liver samples were analyzed to evaluate expression variations related to ferroptosis and lipid metabolism in MAFLD patients.

The Degradation Characteristics and Soil Remediation Capabilities of the Butachlor-Degrading Strain DC-1.

Butachlor is a widely utilized acetamide herbicide noted for its systemic selectivity against pre-emergence grass weeds. Butachlor has negative effects on organisms and the environment, so it is necessary to screen degradation strains. In this investigation, strain DC-1 was isolated from soil persistently exposed to butachlor.

One-Step Multiplex Real-Time Fluorescent Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Four Waterfowl Viruses.

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), duck hepatitis virus (DHV), Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV), and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) represent four emergent infectious diseases impacting waterfowl, which can be challenging to differentiate due to overlapping clinical signs. In response to this, we have developed a one-step multiplex real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay, capable of simultaneously detecting DTMUV, DHV, MDRV, and MDPV. This method exhibits high specificity, avoiding cross-reactivity with other viruses such as Fowl adenoviruses (FADV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), Haemophilus paragallinarum (Hpg), duck circovirus (DUCV), goose astrovirus (GoAstV), and mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG).

Choroid plexus cysts on 7T MRI: Relationship to aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Introduction: The choroid plexus (CP) may play a crucial role in brain degeneration. We aim to assess whether CP cysts (CPCs), defined using ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relate to aging and neurodegeneration.

Methods: We used multi-sequence 7T MRI to observe CPCs, characterizing their presence and characteristics in healthy younger controls, healthy older controls (OCs), patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and patients with uremic encephalopathy.

TACI Ig Fusion Protein Inhibits TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway Alleviates Renal Injury in IgA Nephropathy Rats.

Introduction: To evaluate the impact of TACI fusion protein (TACI-Ig) on IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in rats, and to explore its mechanism and relationship with TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Method: Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were divided into six groups: control, model, TACI-Ig low dose (TACI-Ig-L), medium dose (TACI-Ig-M), high dose (TACI-Ig-H), and prednisone acetate (PAT) group. The control group and model group received physiological saline injections, while the TACI-Ig groups were administered doses of 7.

Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global health challenge. Chemotherapy remains the standard therapy for advanced NSCLC without mutations, but drug resistance often reduces effectiveness. Developing more effective methods to predict and monitor chemotherapy benefits early is crucial.

Clinical, aetiological, and epidemiological studies of outpatient cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Chengdu, China, from 2019 to 2022: a retrospective study.

Background: The introduction of the Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) vaccine in China in 2016 has led to a considerable decline in severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases, with mild outpatient instances now representing the majority of HFMD cases in the country. Nevertheless, epidemiological investigations concerning mild outpatient cases remain scarce, resulting in inadequate descriptions of their clinical, etiological, and epidemiological characteristics. Our study aimed to analyze the clinical, etiological, and epidemiological characteristics of HFMD outpatients in Chengdu from 2019 to 2022 while identifying potential risk factors associated with the progression of outpatients requiring hospitalization.

l-Proline Enhanced Whole Ovary Cryopreservation by Inhibiting Ice Crystal Growth and Reducing Oxidative Stress.

Cryopreservation and transplantation of ovaries are considered to be effective methods for preserving the fertility of female cancer patients. However, ice crystal and oxidative damage occur during the freeze-thaw cycle, significantly reducing the effectiveness of cryopreservation and limiting its clinical application. Thus, new technologies or agents must be explored to enhance ovarian cryopreservation.

Design and fabrication of all-solid anti-resonant silicate fibers for Yb ASE suppression in Er/Yb fiber amplifier.

In this paper, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a passive silicate-glass-based all-solid anti-resonant fiber (AS-ARF) for ∼1 µm transmission suppression. Simulation results demonstrate that the AS-ARF achieves a first high higher order mode (HOM) suppression ratio of over 25 dB in a 26-63 µm core diameter at 1550 nm. Using the drilling and rod-in-tube technique, an AS-ARF was fabricated with a core diameter of 43 µm, a core NA of 0.

Rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants based on high-resolution melting curve analysis.

With the continuous spread of the SARS-CoV-2 globally, viral mutations have accumulated. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 became more contagious, and has a higher risk of immune escape and reinfection. To identify variants and have an awareness of the prevalence of these variants, this study selected four segments containing mutations on the S gene of the SARS-CoV-2.