Activation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) upregulates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) expression in colon cancer cells.

Introduction: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a major determinant of cancer 5-fluorouracyl (5-FU) resistance via its direct degradation. However, the mechanisms of tumoral DPD upregulation have not been fully understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the role of S1PR2 in the regulation of tumoral DPD expression, identifying S1PR2 as the potential target for reversing 5-FU resistance.

Precise Regulation on the Bond Dissociation Energy of Exocyclic C-N Bonds in Various N-Heterocycle Electron Donors via Machine Learning.

Heterocycles with saturated N atoms (HetSNs) are widely used electron donors in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials. Their relatively low bond dissociation energy (BDE) of exocyclic C-N bonds has been closely related to material intrinsic stability and even device lifetime. Thus, it is imperative to realize fast prediction and precise regulation of those C-N BDEs, which demands a deep understanding of the relationship between the molecular structure and BDE.

Ligand-Controlled Cobalt-Catalyzed Regio-, Enantio-, and Diastereoselective Oxyheterocyclic Alkene Hydroalkylation.

Metal-hydride-catalyzed alkene hydroalkylation has been developed as an efficient method for C(sp)-C(sp) coupling with broad substrate availability and high functional group compatibility. However, auxiliary groups, a conjugated group or a chelation-directing group, are commonly required to attain high regio- and enantioselectivities. Herein, we reported a ligand-controlled cobalt-hydride-catalyzed regio-, enantio-, and diastereoselective oxyheterocyclic alkene hydroalkylation without chelation-directing groups.

Longevity gene responsible for robust blue organic materials employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence.

The 3-Gen OLED materials employing thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) combine advantages of first two for high-efficiency and low-cost devices. Though urgently needed, blue TADF emitters have not met stability requirement for applications. It is essential to elucidate the degradation mechanism and identify the tailored descriptor for material stability and device lifetime.

Efficacy of Dietary Intervention with Group Activities on Dietary Intakes, Frailty Status, and Working Memory: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Community Strongholds.

Geriatric community centers often offer nutrition lectures to older adults. In order to make learning more interesting and pragmatic, we developed group activity sessions. This undertaking was tested for its efficacy in changes of frailty status and several other geriatric health parameters.

Sex Differences in Dietary Patterns of Adults and Their Associations with the Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Population-Based National Survey in the Philippines.

A dietary pattern transition is a risk factor for the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), but related information is limited. This study aimed to identify sex differences in dietary patterns of adults in a low-middle income country and to examine their association with DBM. A total of 8957 adults (4465 men and 4492 non-pregnant and non-lactating women) who participated in the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey were included in the analysis.

[Molecular mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis in treatment of lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking].

In this paper, the molecular mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) was studied through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. With traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Spatholobi Caulis as the study object, active ingredients of Spatholobi Caulis and corresponding potential drug targets were obtained from Traditio-nal Chinese Medicine Pharmacology Platform(TCMSP) database; GeneCards database was used to collect cancer-related genes; Cytoscape software was used to build Spatholobi Caulis active ingredient-target-pathway relationship network. DAVID database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of targets, KEGG signaling pathway was visualized, and compounds were screened out for molecular docking.

Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α overexpression on hepatocellular carcinoma survival: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) has been implicated in the clinical prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results remain controversial. We aim to investigate the association of HIF-1α and HIF-2α overexpression with the prognosis and clinicopathological features of HCC.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until June 20, 2020.

Pomegranate flower extract bidirectionally regulates the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of 3T3-L1 cells through regulation of PPARγ expression mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.

Objectives: Pomegranate flower is a kind of uygur medicine with anti - type 2 diabetes, anti - lipid, anti - inflammation, anti - oxidation. We investigated the effect of pomegranate flower extract (PFE) on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, as well as the effects of five compounds in PF on cell differentiation.

Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with PFE (0.

TMPRSS4 Drives Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Promoting HB-EGF Expression and Proteolytic Cleavage.

Background And Aims: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), a member of the epidermal growth factor family, plays a pivotal role in the progression of several malignancies, but its role and regulatory mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain obscure. Here, we report that transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4) significantly enhanced the expression and proteolytic cleavage of HB-EGF to promote angiogenesis and HCC progression.

Approach And Results: A mechanistic analysis revealed that TMPRSS4 not only increased the transcriptional and translational levels of HB-EGF precursor, but also promoted its proteolytic cleavage by enhancing matrix metallopeptidase 9 expression through the EGF receptor/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin/ hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α signaling pathway.

Relationships between changes in leptin and insulin resistance levels in obese individuals following weight loss.

Obesity can augment insulin resistance (IR), leading to increased risk of diabetes and heart disease. Leptin, ghrelin, and various fatty acids present in the cell membrane may modulate IR. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of weight loss on IR, serum leptin/ghrelin levels, and erythrocyte fatty acids, and studied the associations between changes in these variables.

SOX4 transcriptionally regulates multiple SEMA3/plexin family members and promotes tumor growth in pancreatic cancer.

Semaphorin signaling through Plexin frequently participates in tumorigenesis and malignant progression in various types of cancer. In particular, the role of semaphorin signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unexplored, despite a high likelihood of metastasis and mortality. Unlike other epithelial malignancies that often express a small number of specific genes in the Semaphorin/Plexin family, five or more are often expressed in human PDAC.

Reaching Asian Americans: sampling strategies and incentives.

Reaching and recruiting representative samples of minority populations is often challenging. This study examined in Chinese and Korean Americans: 1) whether using two different sampling strategies (random sampling vs. convenience sampling) significantly affected characteristics of recruited participants and 2) whether providing different incentives in the mail survey produced different response rates.

Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities.

The protein from Thai bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) fruit pulp was extracted and studied for its hypoglycemic effect. Subcutaneous administration of the protein extract (5, 10 mg/kg) significantly and markedly decreased plasma glucose concentrations in both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. The onset of the protein extract-induced antihyperglycemia/hypoglycemia was observed at 4 and 6 h in diabetic and normal rats, respectively.

[Liangge san effects the expression of CD14 and scaverger receptor in the Kupffer cells of liver of endotoxemia mice].

Objective: To study the effects of Liangge San to the expression of CD14 and scaverger receptor(SR) in the kupffer cells of liver and the pathological changes of liver tissue of endotoxemia-mice.

Method: The model was established with intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and at the same time different dose Liangge San were given. The expression of CD14 and scaverger receptor were detected with immunohigtochemistry at the 2nd, 4th, 8th hour ofter injury and analyzed with computer image system, and the pathological changes of liver tissue were also observed.

Somatostatin inhibits insulin release via SSTR2 in hamster clonal beta-cells and pancreatic islets.

Somatostatin (SST) inhibits pancreatic endocrine secretion. It is generally accepted that SSTR2 and SSTR5 mediate the inhibition of glucagon and insulin release, respectively. The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that SSTR2, but not SSTR5, mediates SST-induced inhibition of insulin release in hamster beta-cells.

The role of arginine vasopressin in diabetes-associated increase in glucagon secretion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on glucagon secretion in both normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin, 14 days before pancreatic perfusion. Diabetic rats were maintained on insulin replacement therapy until approximately 48 h before the perfusion experiments.