PSMA2 promotes chemo- and radioresistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma by modulating mitophagy pathway.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most prevalent malignancy among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Standard treatment modalities include surgical resection combined with radiation and chemotherapy. However, locoregional failure remains a critical issue affecting the prognosis of OSCC patients, largely due to tumor resistance against radiation or chemotherapy.

ANGPTL3 overcomes sorafenib resistance via suppression of SNAI1 and CPT1A in liver cancer.

Liver cancer, encompassing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatoblastoma, the latter of which primarily occurs in early childhood, is the most common malignant tumor arising from liver and is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Targeted drugs have been used for anti-liver cancer treatment in the advanced stage, while their efficacy is greatly compromised by development of drug resistance. Drug resistance is a complicated process regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic signals and has been associated with poorer prognosis in cancer patients.

The novel role of LOC344887 in the enhancement of hepatocellular carcinoma progression via modulation of SHP1-regulated STAT3/HMGA2 signaling axis.

Pseudogene-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become crucial regulators in cancer progression. Extensive research highlights the pivotal role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. As a result, targeting aberrant STAT3 activation presents a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.

Gut microbiota modulation and amino acid absorption by TWK10 in pea protein ingestion: TWK10 boosts hut microbiota, amino acid uptake.

For vegetarians or vegan athletes, improving the utilization of plant-based protein and the absorption of amino acids is crucial. This study explored the impact of combining pea protein with TWK10 and resistance training on amino acid absorption and exercise performance. Sixteen male and sixteen female participants were randomly assigned to either a control group (20 g of pea protein without TWK10) or a TWK10 group (20 g of pea protein combined with 1 × 10 colony-forming units of TWK10).

SERPING1 Reduces Cell Migration via ERK-MMP2-MMP-9 Cascade in Sorafenib- Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignant tumor, and it ranks 2nd in terms of mortality rate among all malignancies in Taiwan. Sorafenib is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor that suppresses tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis around tumors via different pathways. However, the survival outcome of advanced HCC patients treated with sorafenib is still unsatisfactory.

Pseudogene: Relevant or Irrelevant?

With the advancement of high-throughput technologies, the pivotal role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) as a master regulator of various biological functions has become increasingly apparent. Historically considered non-functional and labeled as "junk DNA," pseudogenes can be transcribed into RNA, indicating a potential role similar to ncRNAs. Recent research suggests that some pseudogenes can encode functional peptides or proteins.

Lymphocyte-Infiltrated Periportal Region Detection With Structurally-Refined Deep Portal Segmentation and Heterogeneous Infiltration Features.

: The early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis is essential to reduce hepatitis-related liver function deterioration and mortality. One component of the widely-used Ishak grading system for the grading of periportal interface hepatitis is based on the percentage of portal borders infiltrated by lymphocytes. Thus, the accurate detection of lymphocyte-infiltrated periportal regions is critical in the diagnosis of hepatitis.

One-pot synthesis of 4-pyrimidone-2-thioether through base/acid-mediated condensation of -alkylisothiourea and β-ketoester.

4-Pyrimidone-2-thioethers can be useful synthetic precursors to densely functionalized pyrimidines, commonly encountered in bioactive molecules. A convenient one-pot access to 4-pyrimidone-2-thioethers is reported herein, which utilizes a sequential base- and acid-mediated condensation of alkylisothioureas with β-ketoesters. Owing to mild reaction conditions, good to excellent functional group tolerance and yields are achieved.

Studying the Roles of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Accelerating the Disease of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in a db/db and ACE2 Double-Gene-Knockout Mouse Model.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a crucial metabolic health problem. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is well known to play an important role in DN. Abnormal RAS activity can cause the over-accumulation of angiotensin II (Ang II).

Topological structures and syntenic conservation in sea anemone genomes.

There is currently little information about the evolution of gene clusters, genome architectures and karyotypes in early branching animals. Slowly evolving anthozoan cnidarians can be particularly informative about the evolution of these genome features. Here we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of two related anthozoans, the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and Scolanthus callimorphus.

Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 Induces Gastric Cancer Progression and Resistance to Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin via β-Catenin Dysregulation.

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are three main ways to treat gastric cancer: surgical resection, radiation therapy, and drug therapy. Furthermore, combinations of two to three regimens can improve survival.

A novel STAT3/ NFκB p50 axis regulates stromal-KDM2A to promote M2 macrophage-mediated chemoresistance in breast cancer.

Background: Lysine Demethylase 2A (KDM2A) plays a crucial role in cancer cell growth, differentiation, metastasis, and the maintenance of cancer stemness. Our previous study found that cancer-secreted IL-6 can upregulate the expression of KDM2A to promote further the transition of cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, the molecular mechanism by which breast cancer-secreted IL-6 regulates the expression of KDM2A remains unclear.

Effects of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise performance, fatigue, and muscle growth in healthy male adults.

Consumption of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10) has beneficial probiotic effects, improves exercise endurance performance, regulates body composition, and mitigates aging-related problems in mice and humans. Here, we investigated the effects of heat-killed TWK10 on exercise endurance performance, muscle weight and strength, fatigue, and body composition in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty healthy males aged 20-40 years were assigned to the Control group or heat-killed TWK10 group (TWK10-HK) in a balanced order according to each individual's initial maximal oxygen uptake.

Examining Physical Wellness as the Fundamental Element for Achieving Holistic Well-Being in Older Persons: Review of Literature and Practical Application in Daily Life.

This review examines the impact of physical activity, nutrition, and sleep evaluations on the physical wellness (PW) and overall well-being of older individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted in databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO Information Services. The search spanned from January 2000 to December 2022, resulting in 19,400 articles, out of which 98 review articles met the inclusion criteria.

MFI2 upregulation promotes malignant progression through EGF/FAK signaling in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant histological type of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). By comparing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OSCC-TCGA patients with copy number variations (CNVs) that we identify in OSCC-OncoScan dataset, we herein identified 37 dysregulated candidate genes. Among these potential candidate genes, 26 have been previously reported as dysregulated proteins or genes in HNSCC.

Cisplatin or Doxorubicin Reduces Cell Viability via the PTPIVA3-JAK2-STAT3 Cascade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 80% of all liver cancers and is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death in Taiwan. Various factors, including rapid cell growth, a high recurrence rate and drug resistance, make HCC difficult to cure. Moreover, the survival rate of advanced HCC patients treated with systemic chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory.

Roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in hepatocellular carcinoma progression (Review).

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents almost 80% of all liver cancers, is the sixth most common cancer and is the second‑highest cause of cancer‑related deaths worldwide. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which are encoded by the largest family of phosphatase genes, play critical roles in cellular responses and are implicated in various signaling pathways. Moreover, PTPs are dysregulated and involved in various cellular processes in numerous cancers, including HCC.

Different Impacts of Heat-Killed and Viable TWK10 on Exercise Performance, Fatigue, Body Composition, and Gut Microbiota in Humans.

TWK10, a probiotic strain, has been demonstrated to improve exercise performance, regulate body composition, and ameliorate age-related declines. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of viable and heat-killed TWK10 in the regulation of exercise performance, body composition, and gut microbiota in humans. Healthy adults ( = 53) were randomly divided into three groups: Control, TWK10 (viable TWK10, 3 × 10 colony forming units/day), and TWK10-hk (heat-killed TWK10, 3 × 10 cells/day) groups.

Sorafenib suppresses radioresistance and synergizes radiotherapy-mediated CD8 T cell activation to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radiotherapy (RT) is applied to eradicate tumors in the clinic. However, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits resistance against RT. It is demonstrated that RT directly inhibits tumor growth but which induces type I interferons (IFNs) expression to phosphorylate STATs and increase STATs-downstream PD-L1 levels in the survival tumor cells.

Developing an atroposelective dynamic kinetic resolution of MRTX1719 by resolving incompatible chemical operations.

A high-yielding protocol for atropisomeric resolution was developed by rectifying incompatibilities between crystallization and epimerization continuous processing. Application toward synthesis of MRTX1719, a densely functionalized active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), improved yield from 37% to 87%. This protocol provides a complementary means to access rotamers which challenge current asymmetric methodologies, and greatly improves sustainability by decreasing the consumption of solvent and advanced synthetic intermediates.

LPAL2 Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating MMP9 Expression.

Tumor metastasis is a complex process modulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that ultimately result in poorer patient outcomes, including diminished survival. Pseudogene-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play important roles in cancer progression. In the current study, we found that the pseudogene-derived lncRNA LPAL2 is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, and further showed that elevated LPAL2 expression is positively correlated with survival outcome.