Nanograded artificial nacre with efficient energy dissipation.

The renowned mechanical performance of biological ceramics can be attributed to their hierarchical structures, wherein structural features at the nanoscale play a crucial role. However, nanoscale features, such as nanogradients, have rarely been incorporated in biomimetic ceramics because of the challenges in simultaneously controlling the material structure at multiple length scales. Here, we report the fabrication of artificial nacre with graphene oxide nanogradients in its aragonite platelets through a matrix-directed mineralization method.

Establishment of Transgenic Mouse Leukemia Cell Lines Expressing Human CD4/CCR5/CyclinT1 Infected with HIV-1.

Purpose: Establishing a cross-species animal model of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is crucial for the study of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, due to the species-specific characteristics of HIV-1, the virus can only infect directly humans and a small number of non-human primates. It cannot directly infect mouse cells across species.

A circuit from the ventral subiculum to anterior hypothalamic nucleus GABAergic neurons essential for anxiety-like behavioral avoidance.

Behavioral observations suggest a connection between anxiety and predator defense, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here we examine the role of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN), a node in the predator defense network, in anxiety-like behaviors. By in vivo recordings in male mice, we find that activity of AHN GABAergic (AHN) neurons shows individually stable increases when animals approach unfamiliar objects in an open field (OF) or when they explore the open-arm of an elevated plus-maze (EPM).

Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of PET and CMR for the measurement of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: a system review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been recognized as the gold standard for the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function. Cardiac gated PET allows the simultaneous assessment of LV function with the evaluation of myocardial perfusion and metabolism. But the correlations between PET and CMR remain controversial.

Connecting macroscopic diffusion metrics of cardiac diffusion tensor imaging and microscopic myocardial structures based on simulation.

To investigate the relationship between microscopic myocardial structures and macroscopic measurements of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we proposed a cardiac DTI simulation method using the Bloch equation and the Monte Carlo random walk in a realistic myocardium model reconstructed from polarized light imaging (PLI) data of the entire human heart. To obtain a realistic simulation, with the constraints of prior knowledge pertaining to the maturational change of the myocardium structure, appropriate microstructure modeling parameters were iteratively determined by matching DTI simulations and real acquisitions of the same hearts in terms of helix angle, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps. Once a realistic simulation was obtained, we varied the extra-cellular volume (ECV) ratio, myocyte orientation heterogeneity and myocyte size, and explored the effects of microscopic changes in tissue structure on macroscopic diffusion metrics.

Non-Noble-Metal Metal-Organic-Framework-Catalyzed Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylic Amines with Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide under Ambient Conditions.

The coupling reaction of propargylic amines and carbon dioxide (CO) to synthesize 2-oxazolidinones is an important reaction in industrial production, and yet harsh reaction conditions and noble-metal catalysts are often required to achieve high product yields. Herein, one novel noble-metal-free three-dimensional framework, [MgCuI(IN)(HCOO)(DEF)] (), assembled by magnesium and copper clusters was synthesized and applied to this reaction. Compound displays excellent solvent stability.

Stochastic radiative transfer in random media: Pure absorbing cases.

We study stochastic radiation transport through random media in one dimension, in particular for pure absorbing cases. The statistical model to calculate the ensemble-averaged transmission for a binary random mixture is derived based on the cumulative probability density function (PDF) of optical depth, which is numerically simulated for both Markovian and non-Markovian mixtures by Monte Carlo calculations. We present systematic results about the influence of mixtures' stochasticity on the radiation transport.

Composition Modulation of Pt-Based Nanowire Electrocatalysts Enhances Methanol Oxidation Performance.

Composition modulation is an efficient strategy for improving the performance of Pt-based electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells. Unfortunately, a robust route for the composition modulation of one-dimensional multicomponent nanowire electrocatalysts remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, we report a versatile method for high-quality Pt-based nanowires and nanotubes, which exhibit composition-dependent performance for the methanol oxidation reaction, through a simple solvothermal process.

Enhanced terahertz radiation by an intense femtosecond laser field assisted with sub-cycle pulses.

In this work, we theoretically investigate the enhanced Terahertz (THz) radiation by an intense laser pulse assisted with sub-cycle pulses (SCP) in the framework of quantum theory. By numerically solving the Schrödinger equation, the production and the dynamics of ionized electrons are analyzed. The simulations show that the SCP plays different roles for different time delays in the generation of THz radiation, such as increasing the production of the ionized electrons and manipulating their trajectories.

Abnormality of spontaneous brain activities in patients with chronic neck and shoulder pain: A resting-state fMRI study.

Objectives Chronic gneck and shoulder pain (CNSP) is a common clinical symptom of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Several studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have reported that most chronic pain diseases are accompanied by structural and functional changes in the brain. However, few rs-fMRI studies have examined CNSP.

A huge mass of the right adrenal in an elderly man.

[No Abstract Available].

Influence of the external focusing and the pulse parameters on the propagation of femtosecond annular Gaussian filaments in air.

We numerically investigate the effects of the external focusing and the pulse parameters on the propagation of the ring Gaussian filaments in air. The simulation results indicate that the onset distance of filament, the length and uniformity of the plasma strings, and the energy deposition strongly depend on these optical parameters. The length of optical filament can be extended greatly by adjusting the lens parameters near the maximum energy deposition.

A modified rate equation for the propagation of a femtosecond laser pulse in field-ionizing medium.

A recombination rate of electron-ion in the strong-field atomic process is phenomenologically introduced into the ionization rate equation, and therefrom an ionization and recombination rates equation (IRRE) is obtained. By using the extended IRRE, the propagation equation of an intense femtosecond laser pulse in the gaseous medium is re-derived. Some new physical behaviors and characteristics caused by the introduced recombination rate are discussed in detail.