Step-induced double-row pattern of interfacial water on rutile TiO(110) under electrochemical conditions.

Metal oxides are promising (photo)electrocatalysts for sustainable energy technologies due to their good activity and abundant resources. Their applications such as photocatalytic water splitting predominantly involve aqueous interfaces under electrochemical conditions, but probing oxide-water interfaces is proven to be extremely challenging. Here, we present an electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) study on the rutile TiO(110)-water interface, and by tuning surface redox chemistry with careful potential control we are able to obtain high quality images of interfacial structures with atomic details.

Quality Evaluation of Shiitake Blanched and Centrifuged Broths as Functional Instant Drinks.

In the process of making mushrooms into vacuum-fried crisps, the resulting blanched broth (BB) and centrifuged broth (CB) are often discarded, thereby increasing the amount of wastewater and treatment costs. This study measured the proximate compositions, bioactive components, taste components, and minerals of freeze-dried BB and CB and then used functional indigestible dextrin (Fibersol-2) as a carrier to make these two broths into instant drinks. The solids of the BB and CB contained protein (16.

Direct observation of the dynamic reconstructed active phase of perovskite LaNiO for the oxygen-evolution reaction.

Ni-based transition metal oxides are promising oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to their abundance and high activity. Identification and manipulation of the chemical properties of the real active phase on the catalyst surface is crucial to improve the reaction kinetics and efficiency of the OER. Herein, we used electrochemical-scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) to directly observe structural dynamics during the OER on LaNiO (LNO) epitaxial thin films.

Bioactive Compounds of Underground Valerian Extracts and Their Effect on Inhibiting Metabolic Syndrome-Related Enzymes Activities.

Extractions of the underground parts of valerian were prepared with water and ethanol (25-95%) at 25-75 °C. Extraction yields, bioactive compounds, and the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of lyophilized extracts were determined. The inhibitory effects of the extracts, valerenic acid derivatives and phenolic acids, on metabolic syndrome (MS)-related enzymes activities were further examined.

A Simulation Study on the Growth of Oviduct Mucosa Cells in the Uterine Cavity Microenvironment.

Objective: The growth of oviduct mucosa in the uterine cavity was observed by co-culture of oviduct mucosa cells and endometrial cells in different proportions to study the possibility and function of the growth of oviduct mucosa in the uterine cavity.

Methods: The extracted cells were identified by immunofluorescence with cytokeratins 19 (CK19) and vimentin. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) experiment, cell decidualization induction, and HE staining were performed after the co-culture of two kinds of cells in different proportions.

Diagnosis and treatment of adult mixed-type Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Aim Of The Study: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with adult mixed-type Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and imaging characteristics of the disease, and to evaluate the efficacy of combined therapy in treating symptoms of HSP.

Material And Methods: From January 2008 to October 2015, 23 patients with adult mixed-type HSP were enrolled. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination and small intestinal enteroscopy were performed for all the patients.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor originating from the muscularis propria.

Objective: This study retrospectively reviewed 46 cases of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated by endoluminal endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) microsurgery in our gastrointestinal endoscopy center. We aimed to evaluate the EFR for the treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.

Methods: A total of 46 patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors originated from the muscularis propria layer from January 2012 to June 2015 were treated with EFR.

Effect of Double-Balloon Enteroscopy on Diagnosis and Treatment of Small-Bowel Diseases.

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel diseases is clinically difficult. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of double-balloon enteroscopy in small-bowel diseases.

Methods: The history and outcomes of 2806 patients who underwent double-balloon enteroscopy from July 2004 to April 2017 were reviewed, which included 562 patients with obscure digestive tract bleeding, 457 patients with obscure diarrhea, 930 patients with obscure abdominal pain, 795 patients with obscure weight loss, and 62 patients with obscure intestinal obstruction.

Clinical Control Study of Endoscopic Full-thickness Resection and Laparoscopic Surgery in the Treatment of Gastric Tumors Arising from the Muscularis Propria.

Background: Gastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria are located in deeper layers. Endoscopic resection may be contraindicated due to the possibility of perforation. These tumors are therefore usually removed by surgical or laparoscopic procedures.

Small intestinal vascular malformation bleeding: a case report with imaging findings.

The small intestine is approximately 5-6 m long and occupies a large area in the abdominal cavity. These factors preclude the use of ordinary endoscopy and X-ray to thoroughly examine the small intestine for bleeding of vascular malformations. Thus, the diagnosis of intestinal bleeding is very difficult.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastric submucosal tumors arising from the muscularis propria layer.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) for the treatment of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) arising from the muscularis propria.

Methods: A total of 35 gastric SMTs arising from the muscularis propria layer were resected by EFR between January 2010 and September 2013. EFR consists of five major steps: injecting normal saline into the submucosa; pre-cutting the mucosal and submucosal layers around the lesion; making a circumferential incision as deep as the muscularis propria around the lesion using endoscopic submucosal dissection and an incision into the serosal layer around the lesion with a Hook knife; a full-thickness resection of the tumor, including the serosal layer with a Hook or IT knife; and closing the gastric wall with metallic clips.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection and laparoscopic surgery for treatment of gastric stromal tumors.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) and laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of gastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria.

Methods: Out of 62 gastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria, each > 1.5 cm in diameter, 32 were removed by EFR, and 30 were removed by laparoscopic surgery.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric stromal tumor arising from the muscularis propria.

Background: Gastric stromal tumors are the most common type of tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue. The traditional method for the treatment of gastric stromal tumor is surgical operation or therapeutic laparoscopy. More recently, endoscopic micro-traumatic surgery has become possible for gastric stromal tumors, with any perforation caused by endoscopic therapy mended endoscopically.

Endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal carcinoids under micro-probe ultrasound guidance.

Aim: To assess the therapeutic value of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) under micro-probe ultrasound guidance for rectal carcinoids less than 1 cm in diameter.

Methods: Twenty-one patients pathologically diagnosed with rectal carcinoids following colonoscopy in our hospital from January 2007 to November 2012 were included in this study. The patients consisted of 14 men and 7 women, with a mean age of 52.

Endoscopic therapy for gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.

Aim: To explore endoscopic therapy methods for gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.

Methods: For 69 cases diagnosed as gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria, three types of endoscopic therapy were selected, based on the size of the tumor. These methods included endoscopic ligation and resection (ELR), endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR).

Small intestinal vascular malformation bleeding: diagnosis by double-balloon enteroscopy combined with abdominal contrast-enhanced CT examination.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the value of double-balloon enteroscopy combined with abdominal vascular-enhanced CT examination for the diagnosis of intestinal vascular malformation bleeding, to explore a simple and effective method for the diagnosis of small intestinal vascular malformation bleeding.

Methods: Ten patients with intestinal bleeding were first examined with double-balloon enteroscopy. If active bleeding considered as vascular malformation was observed, the patient underwent abdominal vascular-enhanced CT examination.

Efficacy of endoscopic therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion.

Aim: To investigate the endoscopic hemostasis for gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy's lesion.

Methods: One hundred and seven patients with gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy's lesion were treated with three endoscopic hemostasis methods: aethoxysklerol injection (46 cases), endoscopic hemoclip hemostasis (31 cases), and a combination of hemoclip hemostasis with aethoxysklerol injection (30 cases).

Results: The rates of successful hemostasis using the three methods were 71.

Narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Background: In the recent years, the incidence of esophageal cancer in China has increased. The key point for raising the survival rate is the diagnosis and treatment at an early stage. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) can enhance the contrast of the mucous membrane of the esophagus without staining.

Fuji Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy and staining technique for the diagnosis of colon tumor.

Background: Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor in the clinic with an incidence rate that is increasing in recent years. The key point for improving the survival rate is the diagnosis and treatment at an early stage. The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of the Fuji Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy (FICE) and staining technique for the diagnosis of colon tumors and non-tumor lesions.