A molecularly distinct cell type in the midbrain regulates intermale aggression behaviors in mice.

: The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a central hub for the regulation of aggression, whereas the circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain uncharacterized. In this study, we investigate the role of a distinct cell type, -expressing (Tac2) neurons, located in the dorsomedial PAG (dmPAG) and their modulation of aggressive behavior in mice. : We combined activity mapping, Ca recording, chemogenetic and pharmacological manipulation, and a viral-based translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) profiling using a mouse resident-intruder model.

Regulating Carbon Vacancies and Undercoordinated Mo Sites in MoC Catalysts Toward Photo-Thermal Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Into H Fuel.

The conversion of biomass into chemical fuels is exciting but quite challenging in the development of an effective conversion strategy to generate easily-separated products without energy consumption. Herein, a lignocellulosic biomass-to-H conversion system via photo-thermal catalysis over MoC hierarchical nanotube catalysts in an acidic solution, in which the lignocellulose is hydrolyzed to small organic molecules (such as glucose, etc) by dilute HSO, and then the resulting glucose is oxidized by MoC catalyst to generate H are reported. During the photo-thermal catalytic processes, the carbon vacancy in MoC catalysts results in the generation of undercoordinated Mo sites, which act as active sites for both biomass oxidation and H generation reactions.

Colon mucosal proteomics of ankylosing spondylitis versus gut inflammation.

Objective: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients often present with microscopic signs of gut inflammation. We used proteomic techniques to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the colon tissues of patients with AS and patients with gut inflammation, and then used investigated the influence of NMRAL1 protein on inflammatory cytokines to explore its potential role in the pathogenesis of AS and gut inflammation.

Methods: Colonic mucosal tissues were collected from four different groups: healthy individuals (group A), patients with gut inflammation only (group B), patients with AS only (group C), and patients with AS combined with gut inflammation (group D).

Toward an Asian-based bodily movement database for emotional communication.

Most current databases for bodily emotion expression are created in Western countries, resulting in culturally skewed representations. To address the obvious risk this bias poses to academic comprehension, we attempted to expand the current repertoire of human bodily emotions by recruiting Asian professional performers to wear whole-body suits with 57 retroreflective markers attached to major joints and body segments, and express seven basic emotions with whole-body movements in a motion-capture lab. For each emotion, actors performed three self-created scenarios that covered a broad range of real-life events to elicit the target emotion within 2-5 seconds.

Photoelectrochemical transistors based on semiconducting polymers: an emerging technology for future bioelectronics.

In recent years, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted widespread attention due to their significant advantages such as low-voltage operation, biocompatibility, and compatibility with flexible substrates. Organic photoelectrochemical transistors (OPECTs) are OECTs with photoresponse capabilities that achieve photoresponse and signal amplification in a single device, demonstrating tremendous potential in multifunctional optoelectronic devices. In this mini-review, we briefly introduce the channel materials and operation mechanisms of OECTs/OPECTs.

SCG2 Mediates HNSCC Progression With CCL2/TGFβ1 M2 Macrophage Infiltration.

Objectives: This study aims to unravel the mechanisms underlying M2 macrophage polarization in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Materials And Methods: We conducted an integrated bioinformatic analysis using HNSCC bulk transcriptomes from TCGA and GEO databases to pinpoint critical factors influencing M2 macrophage polarization and tumor prognosis. The significance of these genes was validated in function analysis, single-cell transcriptome datasets, and in vitro experiments.

Dipole field as charge-transfer bridge between Cu atomic clusters/PtCu alloy nanocubes and nitrogen-rich CN for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Utilizing spontaneous polarization field to harness charge transfer kinetics is a promising strategy to boost photocatalytic performance. Herein, a novel Cu atom clusters/PtCu alloy nanocubes coloaded on nitrogen-rich triazole-based CN (PtCu-CN) with dipole field was constructed through facile photo-deposition and impregnation method. The dipole field-drive spontaneous polarization in CN acts as a charge-transfer bridge to promote directional electron migration from CN to Cu atom clusters/PtCu alloy.

Synergy of Charged Domain Walls in 2D In-Plane Polarized Ferroelectric GeS for Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric (FE) materials have exhibited significant prospects for applications in photocatalysis due to their unique properties. However, studies of 2D FE catalysts have been mostly focused on the electric potential difference between different surfaces of out-of-plane-polarized FE materials. Herein, based on ab initio density functional calculations, we investigate the effects of in-plane (IP) polarizations on the photocatalytic water splitting process by considering the existence of charged domain walls (DWs) in the 2D FEs.

Constructing a Nomogram for Predicting Pelvic Osteosarcoma: A Retrospective Study Based on the SEER Database and a Chinese Cohort.

Generally, pelvic osteosarcoma has a worse prognosis compared with limb osteosarcoma. This study aims to create and validate a new nomogram for predicting the prognosis of pelvic osteosarcoma. Clinical data of 62 patients derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and 31 Chinese patients diagnosed with pelvic osteosarcoma were gathered.

Cortical response characteristics of passive, active, and resistance movements: a multi-channel fNRIS study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of exercise training modes on sensory and motor-related cortex excitability using functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology (fNIRS) and reveal specific cortical effects.

Materials And Methods: Twenty participants with no known health conditions took part in a study involving passive, active, and resistance tasks facilitated by an upper-limb robot, using a block design. The participants wore functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) devices throughout the experiment to monitor changes in cortical blood oxygen levels during the tasks.

Functional and aesthetic results of the Z-shaped and straight lower lip-splitting incision: a randomized clinical trial.

The lip-splitting approach enables excellent access to all areas of the mouth and pharynx to remove tumors; however, traditional lower lip-splitting incisions produce an unsatisfactory scar. To achieve better functional and aesthetic results, we used a Z-shaped incision and compared the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the straight and Z-shaped incisions. Sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups and underwent lip-splitting between March 2021 and September 2023.

Pubertal maternal presence reduces anxiety and increases adult neurogenesis in Kunming mice offspring.

Puberty is a critical period of emotional development and neuroplasticity. However, most studies have focused on early development, with limited research on puberty, particularly the parental presence. In this study, four groups were established, and pubertal maternal presence (PMP) was assessed until postnatal days 21 (PD21), 28 (PD28), 35 (PD35), and 42 (PD42), respectively.

DLX6-AS1 regulates odonto/osteogenic differentiation in dental pulp cells under the control of BMP9 via the miR-128-3p/MAPK14 axis: A laboratory investigation.

Aim: The regenerative capacity of dental pulp relies on the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs), but dynamic microenvironmental changes hinder the process. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) promotes differentiation of DPCs towards an odonto/osteogenic lineage, forming dentinal-like tissue. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its action remains unclear.

Electronic symptom monitoring for home-based palliative care: A systematic review.

Background: Coordination and communication challenges in home-based palliative care complicate transitions from hospital care. Electronic symptom monitoring enables real-time data collection, enhancing patient-provider communication. However, a systematic evaluation of its effectiveness in home-based palliative care is lacking.

Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal associations of serum metabolites with sepsis and 28-day mortality.

Metabolic disorder has been found to be an important factor in the pathogenesis and progression of sepsis. However, the causation of such an association between serum metabolites and sepsis has not been established. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Gate-Tunable Positive and Negative Photoconductance in Near-Infrared Organic Heterostructures for In-Sensor Computing.

The rapid growth of sensor data in the artificial intelligence often causes significant reductions in processing speed and power efficiency. Addressing this challenge, in-sensor computing is introduced as an advanced sensor architecture that simultaneously senses, memorizes, and processes images at the sensor level. However, this is rarely reported for organic semiconductors that possess inherent flexibility and tunable bandgap.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0051246 acts as a microRNA-375 sponge to promote the progression of gastric cancer stem cells YAP1.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) stem cells play an important role in GC progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and inhibit the biological function of miRNAs in GC cytoplasm. MiRNAs also participate in GC progress.

Raman lidar at 355 nm using low dead time photon counting for atmospheric aerosol measurements.

Photon counting is an effective way to enhance the dynamic range of the data acquisition system (DAQ) in Raman lidars. However, there exists a deficiency of relatively high dead times among current options, which necessitates an additional calibration procedure for the nonlinearity of the photon counting signal, thus leading to unanticipated errors. A field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based photon counting module has been proposed and implemented in a Raman lidar, offering two operational channels.

Altered cortical thickness-based structural covariance networks in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cognitive impairment is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and early cognitive dysfunction may be associated with abnormal changes in the cerebral cortex. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the cortical thickness-based structural topological network changes in T2DM patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Fifty-six T2DM patients and 59 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessments and sagittal 3-dimensional T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Mandibular Gorham-Stout Disease With Implanted Fibular Resorption.

Gorham-Stout disease is an extremely rare disease characterized by progressive massive osteolysis with different clinical manifestations. The pathology is characterized by vascular proliferation, leading to destruction and resorption of the bone matrix, but the exact etiology is unknown. It can occur in any part of the body, with few reports of cases involving the maxillofacial region.

Regulating Lewis Acidic Sites of 1T-2H MoS Catalysts for Solar-Driven Photothermal Catalytic H Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass.

Solar-driven photothermal catalytic H production from lignocellulosic biomass was achieved by using 1T-2H MoS with tunable Lewis acidic sites as catalysts in an alkaline aqueous solution, in which the number of Lewis acidic sites derived from the exposed Mo edges of MoS was successfully regulated by both the formation of an edge-terminated 1T-2H phase structure and tunable layer number. Owing to the abundant Lewis acidic sites for the oxygenolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, the 1T-2H MoS catalyst shows high photothermal catalytic lignocellulosic biomass-to-H transformation performance in polar wood chips, bamboo, rice straw corncobs, and rice hull aqueous solutions, and the highest H generation rate and solar-to-H (STH) efficiency respectively achieves 3661 μmol·h·g and 0.18% in the polar wood chip system under 300 W Xe lamp illumination.