Two fitness inference schemes compared using allele frequencies from 1068 391 sequences sampled in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Throughout the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, genetic variation has contributed to the spread and persistence of the virus. For example, various mutations have allowed SARS-CoV-2 to escape antibody neutralization or to bind more strongly to the receptors that it uses to enter human cells. Here, we compared two methods that estimate the fitness effects of viral mutations using the abundant sequence data gathered over the course of the pandemic.

Unloading and successful treatment with bioresorbable stents during percutaneous coronary intervention: A case report.

Background: With the development of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the number of interventional procedures without implantation, such as bioresorbable stents (BRS) and drug-coated balloons, has increased annually. Metal drug-eluting stent unloading is one of the most common clinical complications. Comparatively, BRS detachment is more concealed and harmful, but has yet to be reported in clinical research.

[Effects of Fusobacterium nucleus derived outer membrane vesicles on claudin-4 expression in oral epithelial cells].

Purpose: To investigate the effect of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n) on Claudin-4 of human oral keratinocytes (HOK) and oral epithelial barrier function.

Methods: Fusobacterium nucleatum was cultured under anaerobic conditions.

[Correlation between low expression of Hsp90 protein in keratinocytes and the number of small extracellular vesicles and its potential clinical significance].

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the level of heat shock protein 90(Hsp90) and the amount of small extracellular vesicles(sEVs) in keratinocytes.

Methods: Human keratinocytes(HaCaT) were cultured in vivo and divided into wild-type group, short hairpin RNA interference group (shRNA group, low expression of Hsp90), and 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin group (17-AAG group, Hsp90 protein inhibitor). sEVs were isolated from culture system by ultracentrifugation, and their morphological characteristics were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

An NADPH-Dependent Ketoreductase Catalyses the Tetracyclic to Pentacyclic Skeletal Rearrangement in Chartreusin Biosynthesis.

Redox tailoring enzymes play key roles in generating structural complexity and diversity in type II polyketides. In chartreusin biosynthesis, the early C-labeling experiments and bioinformatic analysis suggest the unusual aglycone is originated from a tetracyclic anthracyclic polyketide. Here, we demonstrated that the carbon skeleton rearrangement from a linear anthracyclic polyketide to an angular pentacyclic biosynthetic intermediate requires two redox enzymes.

Discovery, Biosynthesis, and Heterologous Production of Loonamycin, a Potent Anticancer Indolocarbazole Alkaloid.

Genome mining of an indolocarbazole-type gene cluster from a marine-derived NA01583 strain led to the discovery of three new indolocarbazole alkaloids (-). Heterologous expression of the intact gene cluster in a surrogate host K4-114 led to the successful production of . Notably, compound showed potent cytotoxic activities toward eight cancer cell lines with IC values ranging from 41 to 283 nM.

PCSK9 promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages to aggravate H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury via activating NF-κB signalling.

The upregulation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was reported to be involved in regulating the levels of inflammatory markers and apoptosis in macrophages. This study aims to investigate the function and regulation of PCSK9 in myocardial ischaemia. The results of our study showed dramatically increased expression of PCSK9 induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) stress rather than by apoptosis in primary murine cardiomyocytes and HL-1 cells.

Electronic Modulation of Pd-Based Bimetallic Catalysts with Sulfur-Doped Carbon Support for Phenylacetylene Semihydrogenation.

The semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene represents an important process for optimizing the polystyrene production and also a model reaction for the evaluation of selective hydrogenation catalysts. Although the alloying strategy and surface engineering for noble metal (particularly for Pd) catalysts can effectively inhibit the overhydrogenation of styrene, the selectivity of phenylacetylene semihydrogenation to styrene is generally below 95% near the full conversion. Here, we demonstrate the electronic modulation of Pd-based bimetallic nanocluster catalysts based on the strong metal-support interactions for improving the catalytic selectivity for phenylacetylene semihydrogenation.

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of reference genes for fruit development of .

Background: Quantitativereal-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is the common method to quantify relative gene expression. Normalizating using reliable genes is critical in correctly interpreting expression data from qRT-PCR. is a medicinal plant with a long history in China, which has various chemical compounds in fruit.

Hierarchically porous carbons as supports for fuel cell electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Fe-N moieties.

The development of high-performance non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still of significance in promoting the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, a "hierarchically porous carbon (HPC)-supporting" approach was developed to synthesize highly ORR active Fe-phenanthroline (Fe-phen) derived Fe-N -C catalysts. Compared to commercial carbon black supports, utilizing HPCs as carbon supports can not only prevent the formation of inactive iron nanoparticles during pyrolysis but also optimize the porous morphology of the catalysts, which eventually increases the amount of reactant-accessible and atomically dispersed Fe-N active sites.

Dalestones A and B, two anti-inflammatory cyclopentenones from Daldinia eschscholzii with an edited strong promoter for the global regulator LaeA-like gene.

Replacement of the native promoter of theglobal regulator LaeA-like gene of Daldinia eschscholzii by a strong gpdA promoter led to the generation of two novel cyclopentenone metabolites, named dalestones A and B, whose structures were assigned by a combination of spectroscopic analysis, modified Mosher's reaction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Dalestones A and B inhibit the gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.

Comparative Proteomics Analysis Between the Short-Term Stress and Long-Term Adaptation of the Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae) in Response to Beta-Cypermethrin.

A proteomic method combining two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry was used to compare the hemolymph expression profiles of a beta-cypermethrin-resistant Blattella germanica L. strain (R) and a susceptible strain (S) after 24 h of beta-cypermethrin induction. The results showed that there were 42 differentially expressed proteins after induction of the R strain: 4 proteins were upregulated and 38 proteins were downregulated.

Bialternacins A-F, Aromatic Polyketide Dimers from an Endophytic Alternaria sp.

Six novel aromatic polyketide dimers, bialternacins A-F (1-6), were isolated from a plant endophytic Alternaria sp. The structures of compounds 1-6 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism analysis. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 were characterized as four pairs of racemic mixtures.

Molecular Basis for the Final Oxidative Rearrangement Steps in Chartreusin Biosynthesis.

Oxidative rearrangements play key roles in introducing structural complexity and biological activities of natural products biosynthesized by type II polyketide synthases (PKSs). Chartreusin (1) is a potent antitumor polyketide that contains a unique rearranged pentacyclic aromatic bilactone aglycone derived from a type II PKS. Herein, we report an unprecedented dioxygenase, ChaP, that catalyzes the final α-pyrone ring formation in 1 biosynthesis using flavin-activated oxygen as an oxidant.

Strepchazolins A and B: Two New Alkaloids from a Marine Streptomyces chartreusis NA02069.

Two new alkaloids, strepchazolins A () and B (), together with a previously reported compound, streptazolin (), were isolated from a marine actinomycete, NA02069, collected in the Coast of Hainan Island, China. The structures of new compounds were determined by extensive NMR, mass spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis, as well as modified Mosher's method. Compound showed weak anti- activity with the MIC value of 64.

Comparative analysis of genetic polymorphisms among Monascus strains by ISSR and RAPD markers.

Background: The genus Monascus includes several species of fungi valued across Asia for their culinary uses and diverse medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers in characterizing the genetic diversity in 41 Monascus strains collected from various regions of Fujian Province, the leading producer of Monascus in China.

Results: Seven screened ISSR primers generated 56 polymorphic bands, of which 93.

[Depression status of the family member and its influencing factors in the patient with mental disorder caused by cerebral trauma: 245 cases analysis].

Objective: To determine the family member's depression status and its influencing factors in the patient with mental disorder caused by cerebral trauma.

Methods: The self-designed information questionnaire and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to investigate 245 family members' depression conditions. On the basis of SDS score index, all cases were divided into depression group and non-depression group.

[Application of WAIS-RC short forms and adult intelligence disability scale in mental impairment assessment].

Objective: Study on the application of WAIS-RC short forms and adult intelligence disability scale in mental impairment assessment.

Methods: Mental impairment assessment cases between July 2009 and March 2011 in judicial appraisal institute of Taizhou University were collected. Assessment results obtained with the WAIS-RC short forms and adult intelligence disability scale were compared with the experts assessing conclusions and analyzed using SPSS 11.

4-Methyl-3-[4-(3-pyrid-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl-oxy]aniline.

In the title compound, C(16)H(14)N(4)O, there are inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds which may be effective in stabilizing the crystal. The title compound is an important medicament and is used in the synthesis of anti-tumour drugs.