Chitosan and hyaluronic acid in colorectal cancer therapy: A review on EMT regulation, metastasis, and overcoming drug resistance.

Up to 90% of cancer-related fatalities could be attributed to metastasis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that facilitate tumor cell metastasis is beneficial for improving patient survival and results. EMT is considered the main process involved in the invasion and spread of CRC.

Strengthened High-Concentration Quasi-Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal with Ultralong Stable Cyclability.

The lithium metal batteries coupled with nickel-rich LiNiCoMnO ( > 0.7) cathodes hold promise for surpassing the current energy density limit of lithium-ion batteries. However, conventional electrolytes containing free active solvents are highly susceptible to decomposition, particularly at the interfaces of lithium anode and high-voltage cathode.

Cryo-EM phase-plate images reveal unexpected levels of apparent specimen damage.

Apoferritin (apoF) is commonly used as a test specimen in single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM), since it consistently produces density maps that go to 3 Å resolution or higher. When we imaged apoF with a laser phase plate (LPP), however, we observed more severe particle-to-particle variation in the images than we had previously thought to exist. Similarly, we found that images of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) also exhibited a much greater amount of heterogeneity than expected.

Distinct lower respiratory tract microbiota profiles linked to airway mucus hypersecretion in children with pneumonia.

Background: Airway mucus hypersecretion (AMH) can occur in children with acute respiratory diseases, but its underlying mechanisms and relationship with the lower respiratory tract microbiota (LRTM) are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the characteristics of LRTM in children with pneumonia (MPP) and its impact on AMH.

Methods: We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and related clinical indicators from 202 children with MPP.

What can naked mole-rats teach us about ameliorating hypoxia-related human diseases?

Ameliorating the deleterious impact of systemic or tissue-level hypoxia or ischemia is key to preventing or treating many human diseases and pathologies. Usefully, environmental hypoxia is also a common challenge in many natural habitats; animals that are native to such hypoxic niches often exhibit strategies that enable them to thrive with limited O availability. Studying how such species have evolved to tolerate systemic hypoxia offers a promising avenue of discovery for novel strategies to mitigate the deleterious effects of hypoxia in human diseases and pathologies.

Structural insight into synergistic activation of human 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase.

The enzymes 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (MCC), pyruvate carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase belong to the biotin-dependent carboxylase family located in mitochondria. They participate in various metabolic pathways in human such as amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Many human diseases are caused by mutations in those enzymes but their structures have not been fully resolved so far.

[Retracted] MicroRNA‑9 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by targeting neuropilin‑1.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.

Cryo-EM phase-plate images reveal unexpected levels of apparent specimen damage.

Apoferritin (apoF) is commonly used as a test specimen in single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM), since it consistently produces density maps that go to 3 Å resolution or higher. When we imaged apoF with a laser phase plate (LPP), however, we observed more severe particle-to-particle variation in the images than we had previously thought to exist. Similarly, we found that images of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) also exhibited a much greater amount of heterogeneity than expected.

PPM1G promotes autophagy and progression of pancreatic cancer via upregulating HMGB1.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide, with a dismal 5-year relative survival rates of only 12%. Therefore, it is urgent to discover the key molecular markers to improve the therapeutic outcomes in pancreatic cancer. Herein, we first demonstrated that PPM1G is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and that PPM1G depletion decreases pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Bombesin protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway.

Aims: It has been reported that some peptides released by the gastro-intestinal tract play important roles in the prevention of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Bombesin (BN) is a biologically active peptide released by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves on the gastric antrum mucosa controlled by the vagus nerve. However, there is a lack of reports on the impact of BN on MIRI.

Ergonomic benefit using heads-up display compared to conventional surgical microscope in Japanese ophthalmologists.

Purpose: Occupational musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in ophthalmic surgeons and can impact surgeons' well-being and productivity. Heads-up displays may reduce ergonomic stress compared to conventional microscopes. This cross-sectional, non-interventional study compared ergonomic experience between heads-up display and conventional ocular microscopes.

CircRNA circRREB1 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer by activating Erk1/2 signaling through interacting with GNB4.

Current investigations have illuminated the essential roles played by circular RNAs (circRNAs) in driving breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis. However, the functional implications and molecular underpinnings of most circRNAs in BC are not well characterized. Here, Circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles were analyzed in four surgically resected BC cases along with adjacent non-cancerous tissues applying RNA microarray analysis.

Identification and characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a new biomarker and regulator of diseases. However, the role of eccDNAs in large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke remains unclear. Through high-throughput circle-sequencing technique, the length distribution, genomic characteristic and motifs feature of plasma eccDNA from healthy controls (CON) and patients with LAA stroke were analysed.

Feature Fusion for Multi-Coil Compressed MR Image Reconstruction.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) occupies a pivotal position within contemporary diagnostic imaging modalities, offering non-invasive and radiation-free scanning. Despite its significance, MRI's principal limitation is the protracted data acquisition time, which hampers broader practical application. Promising deep learning (DL) methods for undersampled magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction outperform the traditional approaches in terms of speed and image quality.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation of Benzamides with Vinyl Cyclic Carbonates for the Synthesis of Isoindolinones.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation and subsequent [4+1] annulation of benzamides with vinyl cyclic carbonates have been developed for the synthesis of isoindolinones, in which the electron-rich alkenes could serve as one-carbon units. This reaction proceeds smoothly with high regioselectivity under oxidant- and silver-free conditions and exhibits broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance including some biological active materials. The scale-up reaction and derivatizations of the product further demonstrate the potential synthetic utility of this transformation.

Single isocenter versus dual isocenter treatment using flattening filter-free and jaw-tracking volumetrically modulated arc therapy for boot-shaped lung cancer: Evaluation of dosimetric and feasibility.

Background: To determine whether a dual-isocenter volumetrically modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique results in lower normal pulmonary dosage compared to a traditional single isocenter technique for boot-shaped lung cancer.

Methods: A cohort of 15 patients with advanced peripheral or central lung cancer who had metastases in the mediastinum and supraclavicular lymph nodes was randomly selected for this retrospective study. VMAT plans were generated for each patient using two different beam alignment techniques with the 6-MV flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam: single-isocenter jaw-tracking VMAT based on the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator (S-TV), and dual-isocenter VMAT based on both TrueBeam (D-TV) and Halcyon linear accelerator (D-HV).

Lithium chloride induces apoptosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic cancer.

Lithium compounds, a classic class of metal complex medicine that target GSK 3β and are widely known as mood-stabilizer, have recently been reported as potential anti-tumor drugs. The objective of this investigation was to explore the anticancer potential of lithium chloride (LiCl) and elucidate its mode of action in pancreatic cancer cells. The MTT, colony formation, and Edu assay were used to evaluate the impact of LiCl on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation.

Enhanced mitochondrial buffering prevents Ca overload in naked mole-rat brain.

Deleterious Ca accumulation is central to hypoxic cell death in the brain of most mammals. Conversely, hypoxia-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca are retarded in hypoxia-tolerant naked mole-rat brain. We hypothesized that naked mole-rat brain mitochondria have an enhanced capacity to buffer exogenous Ca and examined Ca handling in naked mole-rat cortical tissue.

Lower Plasma miR-223 Level Is Associated with Clopidogrel Resistance in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the plasma miR-223 expression level and clopidogrel resistance in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

Methods: We performed a search for publications using online databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese Databases (CNKI database, Weipu database, and Wanfang database) from the inception of the databases to June 18, 2023, to identify studies reporting the relationship between the plasma miR-223 level and clopidogrel resistance in ACS patients. Two researchers independently searched and screened to ensure the consistency of the results and assess the quality of the included studies according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Corneal Outcomes Following Cataract Surgery Using Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices Composed of Chondroitin Sulfate-Hyaluronic Acid: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) are commonly used during cataract surgery to protect the corneal endothelium. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the clinical evidence of OVDs composed of chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronic acid (CS-HA) versus other OVDs in maintaining endothelial cell density (ECD) and corneal thickness (CT).

Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from 2000 to 2020.

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Studies on V-Shaped Bending of Aluminum/CFRP Laminates.

With the increasing requirements of automotive lightweighting, metal/CFRP laminates are increasingly used. In this paper, Al/CFRP laminates were prepared using an integrated hot press curing method, and the optimum curing conditions were determined using the single-lap shear test at 130 °C for 45 min. The effects of fiber lay-up, forming speed, and metal layer thickness on bending springback were investigated using the V-shaped bending test and Abaqus finite element analysis method.

End-to-End Impact of a Cloud-Based Surgical Planning System on Efficiency in Cataract Surgery: A Time-and-Motion Study.

Purpose: Inefficiencies from manual data entry and non-integration exist throughout the cataract surgery workflow. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of SMARTCataract, an innovative cloud-based digital surgical planning platform (SPS) on efficiency in preoperative (diagnostic workup, surgery planning), intraoperative, and postoperative phases of cataract surgery. The primary objective aimed to assess time and number of manual transcription data points (TPs) required for all pre-, intra-, and postoperative devices that integrate with the SPS and surgery planning time across three patient types (post-refractive, astigmatic, conventional).

Reciprocal costimulatory molecules control the activation of mucosal type 3 innate lymphoid cells during engagement with B cells.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the counterpart of T helper cells in the innate immune system and share multiple phenotypes with T helper cells. Inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) is recognized on T cells and participates in T-cell activation and T and B-cell engagement in lymphoid tissues. However, the role of ICOS in ILC3s and ILC3-involved interactions with the immune microenvironment remains unclear.