A multiple linear regression model calculates the anterior neck skin surface area in Chinese individuals: Implications for neck resurfacing and reconstruction.

Background: The normal value of anterior neck skin surface area (ANSSA) before scar contracture is essential for designing a skin flap of appropriate size to reconstruct the neck. However, to our knowledge, no relevant research has been reported. This study aimed to explore the normal value of ANSSA and to establish ANSSA calculation models.

Unraveling the causal pathways of maternal smoking and breastfeeding in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization perspective.

Background: Maternal smoking around birth (MSAB) and early-life breastfeeding (BAB) represent critical factors that may exert enduring effects on neuropsychiatric health. Although previous research has examined these exposures separately, the combined impact of both on disorders such as ADHD, ASD, BD, MDD, ANX, and SCZ remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the causal relationships between MSAB and BAB and the risk of developing these neuropsychiatric disorders through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Choke Anastomosis: A Key Element Acting as a Shunt Converter Between Adjacent Angiosomes.

Background: Choke anastomosis is commonly recognized as a resistance factor that detrimentally affects the hemodynamics of the skin flap; however, its additional potential physiological roles in normal skin function are currently not fully understood.

Methods: Ten cadaveric forehead flap specimens pedicled with unilateral STAs were perfused with lead oxide-gelatin mixture, and then dissected into 3 layers, including the super temporal fascia-frontalis-galea aponeurotica layer, the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, and the "super-thin flap" layer. The forehead flap and stratified specimens underwent molybdenum target x-ray and subsequent transparent processing to effectively visualize the microscopic spatial architecture of arterial vessels across all levels.

L-Dopa Might Be Insufficient to Suppress Development of Prolactinomas in Dihydropteridine Reductase-Deficiency Patients.

Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency is a disorder that prevents regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), causing hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and low levels of neurotransmitters, including dopamine. Due to low levels of dopamine, patients present with hyperprolactinemia. Treatment consists of a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet, hydroxytryptophan and levodopa (L-Dopa) supplementation, leading to a rapid normalization of prolactin (PRL) levels.

Impact of childhood maltreatment on aging: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple age-related biomarkers.

Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is linked to long-term adverse health outcomes, including accelerated biological aging and cognitive decline. This study investigates the relationship between CM and various aging biomarkers: telomere length, facial aging, intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA), GrimAge, HannumAge, PhenoAge, frailty index, and cognitive performance.

Methods: We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study using published GWAS summary statistics.

Reconstructed Mid-Face Lifting After Tissue Expansion by Suspending the Expander Capsule.

Background: An obvious saggy tendency was observed in the expanded flaps from mid-facial reconstruction and resulted in an unsatisfactory postoperative cosmetic outcome. At the time of this writing, the authors introduced a novel technique of mid-face lifting to correct the phenomenon by suspending the expander capsule.

Methods: From September 2018 to August 2023, 11 patients who had undergone our mid-face lifting technique were enrolled in our study.

Treatment for benign skin lesion in zygomatic-infraorbital region by the expanded multi-lobe cervicofacial advancement rotation flap in pediatric patients.

Purpose: Benign skin lesions in zygomatic-infraorbital regions severely influence pediatric patients' appearance as well as mental health. Treatments are difficult for the high requirements of patients' guardians in both function and aesthetics. The present study aims to introduce a surgical method, Expanded Multi-Lobe Cervicofacial Flap, which combines the advantages of the classical cervicofacial advancement rotation flap and the tissue expansion technique.

Using the "Frontalis-Free Orbital Septum-Complex Flap" in the Correction of Unilateral Congenital Ptosis.

Congenital ptosis has deleterious effects on the appearance and vision-related function. Patients need timely and effective treatments. A new surgical practice was performed using the discarded fibrous and thickened orbital septum to prolong the advanced frontalis muscular flap and reduce iatrogenic injuries in the frontalis.

Establishment and validation of a nomogram to predict the neck contracture after skin grafting in burn patients: A multicentre cohort study.

Cervical burn contracture is one of the burn contractures with the highest incidence and severity, and there is no effective method to predict the risk of neck contracture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined cervicothoracic skin grafting on the risk of neck contracture in burn patients and to develop a nomogram to predict the risk of neck contracture after skin grafting in burn patients. Data from 212 patients with burns who underwent neck skin grafting were collected from three hospitals, and the patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets.

Epidemiology and Predictors for Cervical Burn Scar Contractures: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Cervical burn scar contracture (BSC) affects many important neck functions and the patients' quality of life. However, it remains unclear which patients have a higher risk of neck BSCs. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and identify the independent risks of cervical BSC formation and severity.

Aesthetic Sideburn Reconstruction Using an Expanded Hair Bearing Skin Flap With Natural Hairline.

Background: Hairline is the marginal line of hair growth on the scalp. Patients with sideburn defects, caused by tumor resection, severe infection, or burns, might have low self-esteem and mental stress. The purpose of this article was to explore a surgical method of applying the expanded scalp flap with natural hairline for cosmetic reconstruction of hairline, so as to provide reference for future clinical work.

The Transfer of Expanded Forehead Superthin Flap Without Frontalis and Less Hair Follicles Pedicled by Superficial Temporal Vessels.

Background: The expanded forehead flap pedicled with superficial temporal vessel(s) is a common method to treat facial scar deformity. However, local bulkiness and hair retention have limited the use of this flap.

Methods: Five cadavers were used for anatomy to confirm the forehead "safety zone.

A New Technique for Chondrolaryngoplasty in Patients Assigned Female at Birth.

Background: Chondrolaryngoplasty is a classical facial feminization surgery for transgender women. In recent years, however, an increasing number of patients assigned female at birth are seeking chondrolaryngoplasty for esthetic purposes. Traditional chondrolaryngoplasty can no longer cope with problems of the growing group whose leading cause of laryngeal prominence differs from the transgender population.

Photocatalytic degradation of reactive brilliant blue KN-R by Ti-doped BiO.

In this study, different compositions of Ti-doped BiO photocatalytic materials were prepared by chemical solution decomposition method. It was used to degrade reactive brilliant blue KN-R, and then characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-vis DRS, XPS, photocurrent, and other detection methods. The results show that when the catalyst dosage is 1.

A Preliminary Study of Constructing the Tissue-Engineered Corpus Cavernosum With Autologous Adipose Stem Cells In Vivo.

Introduction: The autologous skin flap is still the mainstream method for penile reconstruction, but it is very difficult to reconstruct a functional corpus cavernosum. Tissue engineering provides a new idea aiming to restore the damaged or absent corpus cavernosum.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of constructing the tissue-engineered corpus cavernosum with autologous adipose stem cells in a rabbit model.

Three-Dimensional Z-Epicanthoplasty Retains the Depth of the Medial Canthus With Scars That Are Less Visible.

Background: Traditional coronal Z-epicanthoplasty usually generates visible scars, and V-Y advancement or skin redraping can damage the normal shape of the lower eyelid. In addition, these methods usually lead to loss of the medial canthus depth, which is important for the natural appearance of East Asians. This report aims to describe a 3-dimensional Z-epicanthoplasty that can maintain the depth of the medial canthus with fewer visible scars.

Inhibiting Warburg Effect Can Suppress the Biological Activity and Secretion Function of Keloid Fibroblasts.

Background: Keloids have always been a difficult problem in the clinic. In our previous study, we demonstrated a Warburg effect in keloid fibroblasts (KFs), like tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the suppression of the Warburg effect on the biological activity and function of KFs.

Different Transfer Forms of the Expanded Forehead Flap Pedicled With Superficial Temporal Vessels to Treat Chin and Submental Scar Deformities.

Background: The chin and submental regions are located at the junction of the face and neck. Its function and aesthetic appearance can be seriously affected when scar deformities cause the cervico-mental angle to disappear. The expanded forehead flap pedicled with superficial temporal vessel(s) is a surgical treatment for chin and submental scar deformities.

The application of a retrograde postauricular island flap in reconstructing periorbital region defects.

Background: Reconstruction of periorbital region defects is thought to be one of the most challenging areas in reconstructive plastic surgery. This paper describes our experiences with the application of retrograde postauricular island flaps in reconstructing periorbital region defects.

Methods: Between November 2008 and June 2019, 16 patients with periorbital region defects underwent treatment using a retrograde postauricular island flap.

Aesthetic Design of Expanded Bilateral Superficial Temporal Vascular Fascial Pedicled Flap for Repairing Maxillocervical Scars.

Background: Large-scale maxillocervical scars impair face and neck function and damage appearance. The forehead expanded bilateral superficial temporal pedicled flap is a good treatment strategy for this area; however, the traditional cutaneous pedicled flap damages the temporal hair area. This impairs aesthetics and causes alopecia; furthermore, requires an additional pedicle-cut operation.

Infraeyebrow Blepharoplasty Using Dynamic Suspension Technique Between Dermis-Fascia Flap and Frontalis in Upper Eyelid Lifting and Eyebrow Augmentation.

Objective: Upper eyelid laxity affects facial aesthetics and the eyebrow arch in the East Asian population is generally low. The authors developed infraeyebrow blepharoplasty using a dynamic suspension technique between the dermis-fascia flap and frontalis for upper eyelid lifting and eyebrow augmentation.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 43 female patients with upper eyelid laxity from August 2015 to October 2019.