[Intervention mechanism of ginsenoside Rb_1 on liver steatosis in db/db obese mice based on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway].

Based on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB) signaling pathway, this study observed the regulatory effect of ginsenoside Rb_1(Rb_1) on liver lipid metabolism in db/db obese mice and explored its potential mechanism. Thirty 6-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into a model group, a metformin group, and Rb_1 groups with low, medium, and high doses, with six mice in each group. Additionally, six age-matched male db/m mice were assigned to the normal group.

Meta-analysis Flavonoids from traditional Chinese herbs for diabetes in rats: a network Meta-analysi.

Objective: In this Meta-analysis, we evaluated the hypoglycemic effect of 5 flavonoids found in traditional Chinese herbs (naringenin, kaempferol, puerarin, baicalein, and luteolin) on diabetic rats.

Methods: Four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched from inception to May 2020. Only studies using diabetes model rats were included in the analysis.

Mechanisms for Improving Hepatic Glucolipid Metabolism by Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamic Aldehyde: An Insight Provided by Multi-Omics.

Cinnamic acid (AC) and cinnamic aldehyde (AL) are two chemicals enriched in cinnamon and have been previously proved to improve glucolipid metabolism, thus ameliorating metabolic disorders. In this study, we employed transcriptomes and proteomes on AC and AL treated db/db mice in order to explore the underlying mechanisms for their effects. Db/db mice were divided into three groups: the control group, AC group and AL group.

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHEDs) and Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) Display a Similar Profile with Pericytes.

Background: Pericytes play an important role in forming functional blood vessels and establishing stable and effective microcirculation, which is crucial for vascular tissue engineering. The slow ex vivo expansion rate, limited proliferative capacity, and variability of tissue-specific phenotypes would hinder experimental studies and clinical translation of primary pericytes. In this study, the angiogenic and pericyte functions of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were investigated.

Layer-by-layer self-assembly polyelectrolytes loaded with cyclic adenosine monophosphate enhances the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in the dental regeneration. However, efficient long-lasting delivery of cAMP that is sufficient to mimic the in vivo microenvironment remains a major challenge. Here, cAMP was loaded in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) using layer-by-layer self-assembly with gelatin and alginate polyelectrolytes (LBL-cAMP-SCAPs).

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Promotes Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla via Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Signaling.

Introduction: Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) possess strong odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential. This study investigated the effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs and the underlining interplay between cAMP and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1).

Methods: SCAPs were stimulated with an activator of cAMP (forskolin) in the presence of either TGF-β1 or a TGF-β1 inhibitor.

Does the Orifice-directed Dentin Conservation Access Design Debride Pulp Chamber and Mesial Root Canal Systems of Mandibular Molars Similar to a Traditional Access Design?

Introduction: Despite the increasing reports on mechanical aspects of contracted endodontic access cavities (CECs), we believe that the biological aspects (debridement) have not been adequately investigated. This study examined if 1 type of CEC (orifice-directed dentin conservation [DDC] access) was able to debride the pulp chamber, root canals, and isthmus of mesial roots of mandibular molars similar to a traditional endodontic access cavity (TEC).

Methods: Mandibular molars (N = 32) were selected and divided randomly into 2 experimental groups (n = 12) after micro-computed tomographic scanning (group 1: TEC and group 2: DDC) and histologic controls (n = 8).

A systematic review: differentiation of stem cells into functional pericytes.

Pericytes are an integral cellular component of vascular structures. Numerous studies have investigated various stem cell types as potential sources of pericytes for application in cell-based therapy. The diverse stem cell types and variable experimental protocols of these studies make it imperative to evaluate the relevant scientific literature on the basis of a unified standard.

TGF-β1-induced differentiation of SHED into functional smooth muscle cells.

Background: Adequate vascularization is crucial for supplying nutrition and discharging metabolic waste in freshly transplanted tissue-engineered constructs. Obtaining the appropriate building blocks for vascular tissue engineering (i.e.

Partial Pulpotomy of Immature Teeth with Apical Periodontitis using Bioceramics and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Report of Three Cases.

Pulpal necrosis of an immature permanent tooth with an open apex poses a challenge for the clinician. The conventional apexification technique using calcium hydroxide has yielded short-term success, but this technique has inevitable shortcomings. Hence, this case series aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using bioceramics (iRoot BP) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for partial pulpotomies.

The spherical nanoparticle-encapsulated chlorhexidine enhances anti-biofilm efficiency through an effective releasing mode and close microbial interactions.

We reported two forms (sphere and wire) of newly fabricated chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), and investigated their releasing capacities and anti-biofilm efficiencies. The interactions of the blank MSNs with planktonic oral microorganisms were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The anti-biofilm effects of the two forms of nanoparticle-encapsulated CHX were examined by 2,3-bis (2-methoxy- 4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide.

Cellular Interactions and Formation of an Epithelial "Nanocoating-Like Barrier" with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.

Oral mucosa as the front-line barrier in the mouth is constantly exposed to a complex microenvironment with multitudinous microbes. In this study, the interactions of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with primary human gingival epithelial cells were analyzed for up to 72 h, and their diffusion capacity in the reconstructed human gingival epithelia (RHGE) and porcine ear skin models was further assessed at 24 h. It was found that the synthesized fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (RITC-NPs) with low cytotoxicity could be uptaken, degraded, and/or excreted by the human gingival epithelial cells.

Perceptions of single-visit and multiple-visit endodontic treatment: a survey of endodontic specialists and general dentists in Hong Kong.

Aim: To study the preference of practice for single- and multiple-visit endodontic treatment by Hong Kong endodontists and general dental practitioners (GDPs), and to investigate their reasons for choosing single- or multiple-visit treatment in their practice.

Method: An anonymous questionnaire was mailed to all 16 registered endodontists and 800 randomly selected GDPs in Hong Kong to explore their preference and reasons for selecting single- or multiple-visit endodontic treatment for their patients. Information on the use of magnifying loupes, microscopes and the number of years they have been in dental practice was also collected.

[Coculture of stem cells from the apical papilla and human umbilical vein endothelial cells enhances the angiogenic potential of dental pulp tissues].

Purpose: To observe the effect of coculture of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on the angiogenic potential of dental pulp tissues.

Methods: SCAPs were incubated in osteo/odontogenic, adipogenic, neurogenic induction medium and α-MEM medium, whose multilineage differentiation capacities were confirmed using alizarin red staining, oil red O staining and βIII-tubulin immunofluorescent staining. The tubular length, branching points number and junctional areas were detected after 3, 6, 9 h since cells were seeded onto matrigel, and the data was analyzed using SPSS 16.

Morphological analysis of apical foramen over-instrumented by three rotary NiTi systems.

Objective: To evaluate morphological changes of the apical surface after root canal preparation with 1 mm beyond the apical foramen using ProTaper Universal (PTU) files, K3 files and Twisted files (TF), respectively.

Methods: Seventy teeth with a centered apical foramen and 70 teeth with a deviated apical foramen were included as group A and group B respectively. In each group, 20 teeth were randomly assigned for root canal preparation with PTU, K3 and TF files, respectively; the remaining 10 teeth were used as the control group without any preparation.

Endodontic bacteria from primary and persistent endodontic lesions in Chinese patients as identified by cloning and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing.

Background: Few literatures pertain to the 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) analysis of bacteria contributing to primary and persistent endodontic lesions, with no information available for the Chinese population. As such, we investigated endodontic bacteria associated with primary and persistent endodontic lesions in adult Chinese patients living in Beijing, China using 16S rDNA gene sequencing techniques.

Methods: Endodontic microbial samples were obtained from fourteen adult Chinese patients and subjected to DNA extraction.

[Disinfection effects of MTAD on apical isthmus of the root canal system: a scanning electron microscopic evaluation].

Objective: To evaluate the disinfection efficacy of MTAD on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and smear layer colonization in apical isthums of the root canal system.

Methods: Fifteen extracted human maxillary first premolars with isthmus anatomic structure which confirmed by stereo-microscope were contaminated with E. faecalis in vitro and randomly divided into 5 groups: the first group was not treated serving as a baseline control, the second group was treated by normal saline (NS) serving as negative control, the third group was treated by MTAD , the forth group by 5.

Malocclusions in Xia Dynasty in China.

Background: The prevalence of malocclusion in modern population is higher than that in the excavated samples from the ancient times. Presently, the prevalence of juvenile malocclusion in the early stage of permanent teeth is as high as 72.92% in China.

A case report of six canals in a maxillary first molar.

Identifying the variations of root canal morphology is crucial prior to commencing any endodontic treatment. The advancement of current endodontic instrumentation and technology has greatly enhanced treatment outcomes, which are now more predictable. This clinical case report presents a case of a maxillary first molar showing six root canals and apical foramina, i.

Dental plaque biofilm in oral health and disease.

Dental plaque is an archetypical biofilm composed of a complex microbial community. It is the aetiological agent for major dental diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. The clinical picture of these dental diseases is a net result of the cross-talk between the pathogenic dental plaque biofilm and the host tissue response.

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin expression in chronic apical periodontitis: possible association with inflammatory cells.

Background: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been recently shown to play important roles in bone resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between the expression of bone resorption regulators (RANKL and OPG) and inflammatory cell infiltration in chronic apical periodontitis.

Methods: The samples of chronic periapical lesions (n = 40) and healthy periapical tissues (n = 10) were examined for immunohistochemical analysis of RANKL and OPG.