Constitutively active glucagon receptor drives high blood glucose in birds.

As the body's primary source of energy, the maintenance of blood glucose is indispensable for overall health and metabolic homeostasis. It is predominantly regulated by the glucagon receptor family which is highly conserved in vertebrates. Compared to other vertebrates, avian blood glucose levels are relatively high, yet its regulatory mechanisms have remained obscure for more than a century.

Image Clustering With Transition Probabilities Learning.

Large-scale multi-view clustering for image data has achieved impressive clustering performance and efficiency. However, most methods lack interpretability in clustering and do not fully consider the complementarity of distributions between different views. To address these problems, we introduce Multi-View Clustering with Transition Probabilities Learning (MVC-TPL).

S1PR1-biased activation drives the resolution of endothelial dysfunction-associated inflammatory diseases by maintaining endothelial integrity.

G protein-coupled sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), a drug target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), enables immune cells to egress from lymph nodes, but the treatment increases the risk of immunosuppression. The functional signaling pathway triggered by S1PR1 activation in endothelial cells and its therapeutic application remains unclear. Here, we showed that S1PR1 is highly expressed in endothelial cells of IBD patients and positively correlated with endothelial markers.

Reduced graphene oxide modified nickel foam-based quaternary layered double hydroxides nanosheets as catalysts for vaporized hydrogen peroxide decomposition.

Vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) is extensively utilized as a disinfectant. However, long-term exposure to VHP poses serious health risks to humans, necessitating the development of efficient VHP catalytic materials. Herein, reduced graphene oxide modified nickel foam-based quaternary layered double hydroxides nanosheets (LDHs/rGO/NF) were prepared for VHP decomposition.

Digital Isolation and Dementia Risk in Older Adults: Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: Dementia poses a significant global health challenge, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and functional impairment. With the aging global population, dementia prevalence is projected to surge, reaching an estimated 153 million cases by 2050. While the impact of traditional social isolation on dementia risk has been extensively studied, the influence of digital isolation, a phenomenon unique to the digital age, remains underexplored.

A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of music therapy on the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience deficits in social skills. Music therapy (MT) has been used as a therapeutic aid for clinical disorders. This study aims to explore the effect of MT on the social skills of children with ASD and to provide evidence for clinical intervention in the social skills of children with ASD.

Tannic acid-modified FK506-loaded nanoparticles targeting lymph nodes for acute heart transplant rejection treatment.

Significant efforts have been made to deliver immunosuppressants-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to lymph nodes (LNs) to mitigate transplant rejection. However, conventional administration techniques encounter challenges in enhancing the retention of NPs in the LNs. Attributing the strong affinity of tannic acid (TA) molecules to the elastin of LN conduits, we developed a novel formulation of NPs encapsulating Tacrolimus (FK506), and subsequently modified with TA to produce TA-FNP with a final diameter of approximately 86.

Chest tube provocative clamping in patients having moderate or intense air leaks after lung resection to accelerate recovery.

Background: Postoperative air leak is the most common complication after pulmonary resection. "Provocative clamping" was first described in 1992 in the context of guiding chest tube removal despite persistent air leak. However, early provocative clamping after pulmonary resection has not been evaluated.

Impact of surgery versus follow-up on psychological distress in patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules: A prospective observational study.

Purpose: To investigate whether surgery is more effective than follow-up in reducing psychological distress for patients with observable indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) and to assess if psychological distress can serve as a potential surgical indication for IPNs.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 341 patients with abnormal psychometric results, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Of these, 262 patients opted for follow-up and 79 chose surgery.

Mechanical and Catalytic Degradation Properties of Porous FeMnCoCr High-Entropy Alloy Structures Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufacturing.

This work investigated the mechanical and catalytic degradation properties of FeMnCoCr-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with diverse compositions and porous structures fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing for wastewater treatment applications. The effects of Mn content (0, 30 at%, and 50 at%) and topological structures (gyroid, diamond, and sea urchin-inspired shell) on the compression properties and catalytic efficiency of the FeMnCoCr HEAs were discussed. The results indicated that an increase in the Mn content led to a phase structure transition that optimized mechanical properties and catalytic activities.

Evolutionary study and structural basis of proton sensing by Mus GPR4 and Xenopus GPR4.

Animals have evolved pH-sensing membrane receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), to monitor pH changes related to their physiology and generate adaptive reactions. However, the evolutionary trajectory and structural mechanism of proton sensing by GPR4 remain unresolved. Here, we observed a positive correlation between the optimal pH of GPR4 activity and the blood pH range across different species.

Relationship between physical fitness and executive function in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Physical fitness (PF) is important for children's physical and cognitive development. There is increasing interest in the relationship between physical fitness, and executive function. Since it is unclear which physical fitness component benefits which domain of executive functioning, it's challenging to develop effective physical intervention programs for children with executive functioning disorders.

Rethinking Noise Sampling in Class-Imbalanced Diffusion Models.

In the practical application of image generation, dealing with long-tailed data distributions is a common challenge for diffusion-based generative models. To tackle this issue, we investigate the head-class accumulation effect in diffusion models' latent space, particularly focusing on its correlation to the noise sampling strategy. Our experimental analysis indicates that employing a consistent sampling distribution for the noise prior across all classes leads to a significant bias towards head classes in the noise sampling distribution, which results in poor quality and diversity of the generated images.

Multiparametric MRI-based radiomics combined with 3D deep transfer learning to predict cervical stromal invasion in patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: To develop and compare various preoperative cervical stromal invasion (CSI) prediction models, including radiomics, three-dimensional (3D) deep transfer learning (DTL), and integrated models, using single-sequence and multiparametric MRI.

Methods: Data from 466 early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients from three centers were collected. Radiomics models were constructed based on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI), and four combined sequences as well as 3D DTL models.

The impact of processing voltage of wire electric discharge machining on the performance of Mo doped V-VO based Archimedean micro-supercapacitors.

Vanadium oxide-based electrode materials have attracted increasing attention owing to their extraordinary capacitance and prolonged lifespan, excellent conductivity and outstanding electrochemical reversibility. However, the development of vanadium oxide-based integrated electrodes with outstanding capacitive performance is an enduring challenge. This research reports a facile method for structuring 3D Archimedean micro-supercapacitors (AMSCs) composed of Mo doped V-VO (Mo@V-VO) based integrated electrodes with designable geometric shape, using computer-aided wire electric discharge machining (WEDM).

Tensorized Soft Label Learning Based on Orthogonal NMF.

Recently, a strong interest has been in multiview high-dimensional data collected through cross-domain or various feature extraction mechanisms. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is an effective method for clustering these high-dimensional data with clear physical significance. However, existing multiview clustering based on NMF only measures the difference between the elements of the coefficient matrix without considering the spatial structure relationship between the elements.

Application of CT and MRI images based on artificial intelligence to predict lymph node metastases in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a subgroup meta-analysis.

Background: The performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in the prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been quantitatively evaluated. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI based on AI algorithms for predicting LN metastases in patients with OSCC.

Methods: We searched the Embase, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for studies on the use of AI in predicting LN metastasis in OSCC.

WNT16 as a promising biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus and its role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Objectives: To investigate the expression and function of WNT16, a member of the WNT family protein, in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: WNT16 expression was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 35 SLE patients and 25 healthy individuals using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, serum WNT16 protein levels were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 162 SLE patients, 96 healthy controls (HC), and disease controls comprised 154 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Early patient-reported outcomes after robotic-assisted versus video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Background: Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) can achieve traditional clinical outcomes comparable to those of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). However, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during the early period after RATS and VATS remain unclear. This study aimed to utilize longitudinal electronic PRO (ePRO) assessments to evaluate symptom burden and functional status between these approaches from patients' perspective.

Cushioning mechanism of the metatarsals during landing for the skateboarding ollie maneuver.

Skateboarding is an Olympic event with frequent jumping and landing, where the cushioning effect by the foot structure (from the arch, metatarsals, etc.) and damping performance by sports equipment (shoes, insoles, etc.) can greatly affect an athlete's sports performance and lower the risk of limb injury.

Multi-Relational Deep Hashing for Cross-Modal Search.

Deep cross-modal hashing retrieval has recently made significant progress. However, existing methods generally learn hash functions with pairwise or triplet supervisions, which involves learning the relevant information by splicing partial similarity between data pairs; notably, this approach only captures the data similarity locally and incompletely, resulting in sub-optimal retrieval performance. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Relational Deep Hashing (MRDH) approach, which can fully bridge the modality gap by comprehensively modeling the similarity relationship between data in different modalities.

Asynchronous Parallel Large-Scale Gaussian Process Regression.

Gaussian process regression (GPR) is an important nonparametric learning method in machine learning research with many real-world applications. It is well known that training large-scale GPR is a challenging task due to the required heavy computational cost and large volume memory. To address this challenging problem, in this article, we propose an asynchronous doubly stochastic gradient algorithm to handle the large-scale training of GPR.

A novel FK506-loading mesoporous silica nanoparticle homing to lymph nodes for transplant rejection treatment.

Tacrolimus (FK506) is an effective therapeutic for transplant rejection in clinical practice, primarily inhibiting rejection by suppressing the activation and proliferation of allogeneic T cells in the lymph nodes (LNs). However, conventional administration methods face challenges in directly delivering free FK506 to the LNs. In this study, we introduce a novel LN-targeted delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-FK506-MECA79).