Connexin32 gap junction channels deliver miR155-3p to mediate pyroptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objectives: To explore whether the gap junction (GJ) composed by connexin32(Cx32) mediated pyroptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury via transmitting miR155-3p, with aim to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) after renal I/R.

Methods: 8-10 weeks of male C57BL/ 6 wild-type mice and Cx32 knockdown mice were divided into two groups respectively: control group and renal I/R group. MCC950 (50 mg/kg.

Inhibition of the NADPH Oxidase Pathway Reduces Ferroptosis during Septic Renal Injury in Diabetic Mice.

Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) contribute to a higher mortality rate in patients with septic acute kidney injury (AKI) during sepsis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the major injury factor for sepsis. This study was aimed at exploring the potential therapeutic drug for septic AKI targeting on ROS.

Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Dexmedetomidine Versus Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block After Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used in clinical practice because of its safety and effectiveness. Superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) can reduce pain in thyroid surgery. The objective of this study was to investigated whether intravenous DEX has an equivalent analgesic effect and patients' satisfaction to SCPB for thyroid surgery.

The use of virtual reality to reduce stress among night-shift anesthesiologists: study protocol for a crossover trial.

Background: Because of the lack of anesthesia workforce, anesthesiologists are forced to work overtime and more night shifts, which can disturb their biological rhythm and cause severe stress and depression, potentially leading to negative and even devastating outcomes for both themselves and patients. Virtual reality (VR), a new method to reduce stress and pain for patients, has been widely used in biomedical fields. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential effectiveness of VR technology in reducing stress among night-shift anesthesiologists.

Aerosol inhalation of a hydrogen-rich solution restored septic renal function.

Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is known to be caused by inflammation. We explored the renal protective effects of aerosol inhalation of a hydrogen-rich solution (HRS; hydrogen gas dissolved to saturation in saline) in a mouse model of septic AKI. Septic AKI was induced through 18 hours of cecal ligation and puncture.

Inhibition of gap junction composed of Cx43 prevents against acute kidney injury following liver transplantation.

Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication after liver transplantation (LT). Its deterioration and magnification lead to the increase in mortality. Connexin43 (Cx43) mediates direct transmission of intracellular signals between neighboring cells, always considered to be the potent biological basis of organ damage deterioration and magnification.

Corrigendum to "Propofol Attenuates Small Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase Mediated Mast Cell Activation".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/167014.].

Intravenous Lidocaine Alleviates the Pain of Propofol Injection by Local Anesthetic and Central Analgesic Effects.

Objective: Lidocaine alleviates propofol injection pain. However, whether lidocaine works through a local anesthetic effect at the site of intravenous injection or through a systemic effect on the central nervous system remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the pain-alleviating mechanism of lidocaine.

Dexmedetomidine improves gastrointestinal motility after laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: To investigate the effects of intraoperative application of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on early gastrointestinal motility after laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized double-blind investigation, 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer were randomly allocated to receive Dex (DEX group, n = 30) or saline (CON group, n = 30). In the DEX group, Dex was loaded (1 μg/kg) before anesthesia induction and was infused (0.

Connexin 43 expressed in endothelial cells modulates monocyte‑endothelial adhesion by regulating cell adhesion proteins.

Adhesion between circulating monocytes and vascular endothelial cells is a key initiator of atherosclerosis. In our previous studies, it was demonstrated that the expression of connexin (Cx)43 in monocytes modulates cell adhesion, however, the effects of the expression of Cx43 in endothelial cells remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of the expression of Cx43 in endothelial cells in the process of cell adhesion.

In Vivo Evaluation of the Ameliorating Effects of Small-Volume Resuscitation with Four Different Fluids on Endotoxemia-Induced Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury associated with renal hypoperfusion is a frequent and severe complication during sepsis. Fluid resuscitation is the main therapy. However, heart failure is usually lethal for those patients receiving large volumes of fluids.

Propofol Attenuates Small Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase Mediated Mast Cell Activation.

Both oxidative stress and mast cell (MC) degranulation participate in the process of small intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IIR) injury, and oxidative stress induces MC degranulation. Propofol, an anesthetic with antioxidant property, can attenuate IIR injury. We postulated that propofol can protect against IIR injury by inhibiting oxidative stress subsequent from NADPH oxidase mediated MC activation.

Sevoflurane ameliorates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury by inhibiting the synergistic action between mast cell activation and oxidative stress.

Preconditioning with sevoflurane (SEV) can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in several organs, however, the benefits of SEV against acute lung injury (ALI), induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR), and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of SEV preconditioning on IIR-mediated ALI and the associated mechanisms in a rat model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 2.

Changes in the Concentrations of Mediators of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Exhaled Breath Condensate During Liver Transplantation and Their Relations With Postoperative ARDS.

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS, which is one of the most serious complications of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method for obtaining clinical samples from the lungs. However, the changes of mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress in EBC remain unclear.

Propofol pretreatment attenuates remote kidney injury induced by orthotopic liver autotransplantation, which is correlated with the activation of Nrf2 in rats.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical regulator of the cellular‑defense response in protection against oxidative injury. Several studies have demonstrated that propofol ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion injury in a number of organs. However, whether propofol exerts renal protection against liver transplantation via Nrf2 activation remains to be elucidated.

Dexmedetomidine protects against apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation through the inhibition of gap junctions in NRK-52E cells.

Aims: The α2-adrenoceptor inducer dexmedetomidine (Dex) provides renoprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanism of this effect is largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of Dex on apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and the relationship between this effect and gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC).

Main Methods: In vitro, two cell lines of normal rat kidney proximal tubular cells (NRK-52E) and HeLa cells that were transfected with a connexin 32 (Cx32) plasmid were exposed to H/R.

Ulinastatin prevents acute lung injury led by liver transplantation.

Background: Little is known regarding the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by orthotopic liver transplantation. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of UTI on ALI induced by orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) in a rat model and to explore the potential underlying mechanism.

Materials And Methods: Rats were randomly allocated into the following four groups (n = 8 each): (i) sham control group (group sham); (ii) model group (underwent OALT) (group model); (iii) low-dose UTI-treated group (group u1), with UTI (50 U/g) administered intravenously both before the portal vein was occluded and after liver reperfusion started; and (iv) high-dose UTI-treated group (group uh), with UTI (100 U/g) given in the same way as group ul.

Propofol attenuated acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation via inhibiting gap junction composed of connexin 32.

Background: Postliver transplantation acute kidney injury (AKI) severely affects patient survival, whereas the mechanism is unclear and effective therapy is lacking. The authors postulated that reperfusion induced enhancement of connexin32 (Cx32) gap junction plays a critical role in mediating postliver transplantation AKI and that pretreatment/precondition with the anesthetic propofol, known to inhibit gap junction, can confer effective protection.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT) in the absence or presence of treatments with the selective Cx32 inhibitor, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or propofol (50 mg/kg) (n = 8 per group).

Pivotal role of mast cell carboxypeptidase A in mediating protection against small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats after ischemic preconditioning.

Aim Of The Study: Mast cell (MC) degranulation contributes to the protection mediated by ischemic preconditioning (IPC); however, the precise mechanisms underlying this protection remain largely unknown. Mast cell carboxypeptidase A (MC-CPA) is released solely from MCs and plays a critical role in degrading toxins and endothelin 1 (ET-1). The present study sought to explore whether MC-CPA is involved in the process of IPC in a rodent model of small intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IIR) injury.

Mast cell stabilization alleviates acute lung injury after orthotopic autologous liver transplantation in rats by downregulating inflammation.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most severe complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Amplified inflammatory response after transplantation contributes to the process of ALI, but the mechanism underlying inflammation activation is not completely understood. We have demonstrated that mast cell stabilization attenuated inflammation and ALI in a rodent intestine ischemia/reperfusion model.

Dual Effects of Bilirubin on the Proliferation of Rat Renal NRK52E Cells and ITS Association with Gap Junctions.

Objective: The effect of bilirubin on renal pathophysiology is controversial. This study aimed to observe the effects of bilirubin on the proliferation of normal rat renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK52E) and its potential interplay with gap junction function.

Methods: Cultured NRK52E cells, seeded respectively at high- or low- densities, were treated with varying concentrations of bilirubin for 24 hours.

Treatment of mice with cromolyn sodium after reperfusion, but not prior to ischemia, attenuates small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Stabilizing mast cells (MCs) can either inhibit or augment inflammation; however, how improved therapeutic benefits against small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) can be achieved by stabilizing MCs remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to evaluate different treatments with cromolyn sodium (CS, an MC stabilizer), which was administrated either prior to ischemia or after reperfusion. Kunming mice were randomized into a sham-operated group (SH), a sole IIR group (M), in which mice were subjected to 30 min superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 3 day or 3 h reperfusion, or IIR, treated with CS 15 min prior to ischemia or 15 min after reperfusion in the PreCr and PostCr groups.

Relationship between the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in mononuclear cells and postoperative acute lung injury in orthotopic liver transplantation.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between the dynamic expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2/4) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as changes in serum concentration of inflammatory factors and acute lung injury (ALI) in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

Methods: The peripheral blood samples of 27 patients (23 men and 4 women with ASA III to IV) who received OLT were collected for measurement of TLR2/4 at T1 (after induction of anesthesia), T2 (25 minutes after anhepatic phase), T3 (3 hours after graft reperfusion) and T4 (24 hours after graft reperfusion). The expression of TLR2/4 in mononuclear cells was measured by flow cytometry.

[Change in mixed venous oxygen saturation in patients in perioperative periods of orthotopic liver transplantation and its clinical implication].

Objective: To observe the changes in mixed venous oxygen saturation(SvO(2))during perioperative periods of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and explore its clinical significances.

Methods: Twenty patients in terminal stage of hepatic cirrhosis were scheduled for OLT under combined general anesthesia. Vigilance monitor (Edwards, USA) was employed to monitor perioperative SvO(2), oxygen delivery (DO(2)), oxygen consumption(VO(2)), oxygen extraction rate (ERO(2)) and body temperature, cardiac output (CO), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP).

Changes of nitric oxide and endothelin, thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Aim: To investigate the perioperative changes of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin (PGI2) during liver transplantation in end-stage liver disease patients.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients with end-stage cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation were enrolled in this prospective study. Blood samples were obtained from superior vena at five different surgical stages.