Efficient degradation and detoxification of structurally different dyes and mixed dyes by LAC-4 laccase purified from white-rot fungi Ganoderma lucidum.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the decolorization ability and detoxification effect of LAC-4 laccase on various types of single and mixed dyes, and lay a good foundation for better application of laccase in the efficient treatment of dye pollutants. The reaction system of the LAC-4 decolorizing single dyes (azo, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, and indigo dyes, 17 dyes in total) were established. To explore the decolorization effect of the dye mixture by LAC-4, two dyes of the same type or different types were mixed at the same concentration (100 mg/L) in the reaction system containing 0.

Effective Decolorization and Detoxification of Single and Mixed Dyes with Crude Laccase Preparation from a White-Rot Fungus Strain .

To fully harness the potential of laccase in the efficient decolorization and detoxification of single and mixed dyes with diverse chemical structures, we carried out a systematic study on the decolorization and detoxification of single and mixed dyes using a crude laccase preparation obtained from a white-rot fungus strain, . The crude laccase preparation showed efficient decolorization of azo, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, and indigo dyes, and the reaction rate constants followed the order Remazol Brilliant Blue R > Bromophenol blue > Indigo carmine > New Coccine > Reactive Blue 4 > Reactive Black 5 > Acid Orange 7 > Methyl green. This laccase preparation exhibited notable tolerance to SO salts such as MnSO, MgSO, ZnSO, NaSO, KSO, and CdSO during the decolorization of various types of dyes, but was significantly inhibited by Cl salts.

First report of leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata on Lactuca indica in China.

Lactuca indica, an annual or biennial herbaceous plant, is widespread in valleys, shrubland, ditches, hillside meadows or fields (Wang et al. 2003). In China, it is widely used as medicine and high protein feed for herbivorous animal husbandry.