[Impaired cognitive map in transgenic animals relevant to Alzheimer's disease: from neurons to network].

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical cognitive disorder with an increasing incidence in recent years. AD is also one of the main causes of disability and death of the elderly in current aging society. One of the most common symptoms of AD is spatial memory impairment, which occurs in more than 60% of patients.

New data on mitogenomes of Thienemanniella Kieffer, 1911 (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae).

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been widely used as a powerful marker in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of various Dipteran groups. However, only a few mitogenomes from the Thienemanniella genus have been reported till now. Furthermore, there is still indeterminacy in the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Thienemanniella.

Mitogenomes provide new insights of evolutionary history of Boreheptagyiini and Diamesini (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae).

Mitogenomes have been widely used for phylogenetic reconstruction of various Dipteran groups, but specifically for chironomid, they have not been carried out to resolve the relationships. Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) are important bioindicators for freshwater ecosystem monitoring, but its evolutionary history remains uncertain for lack of information. Here, coupled with one previously published and 30 new mitogenomes of Diamesinae, we carried out comparative mitogenomic analysis and phylogenetic analysis.

First complete mitogenomes of Diamesinae, Orthocladiinae, Prodiamesinae, Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their implication in phylogenetics.

Background: The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been extensively used for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis in Diptera, but the study of mitogenome is still scarce in the family Chironomidae.

Methods: Here, the first complete mitochondrial genomes of four Chironomid species representing Diamesinae, Orthocladiinae, Prodiamesinae and Tanypodinae are presented. Coupled with published mitogenomes of two, a comparative mitochondrial genomic analysis between six subfamilies of Chironomidae was carried out.

[Progress in the encoding characteristics and mechanisms of hippocampal neural assemble sequences in spatial memory].

The formation, consolidation and retrieval of spatial memory depend on sequential firing patterns of place cells assembling in the hippocampus. Theta sequences of place cells during behavior play a role in acquisition of spatial memory, trajectory prediction and decision making. In awake rest and slow wave sleep, place cell sequences occur during the sharp wave-ripples (SWRs), called "replay", which is crucial for memory consolidation and retrieval.

Rutaecarpine Ameliorated High Sucrose-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Like Pathological and Cognitive Impairments in Mice.

High sucrose can induce tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction/memory impairment as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rutaecarpine, a specific (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 [TRPV1]) agonist, is neuroprotective against high sucrose diet-induced impairment, but detailed mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we investigated whether rutaecarpine mitigates high sucrose diet-induced pathological alterations and cognitive in AD-like mice.

Two generalized algorithms measuring phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling in neuronal oscillations network.

An increasing number of studies pays attention to cross-frequency coupling in neuronal oscillations network, as it is considered to play an important role in exchanging and integrating of information. In this study, two generalized algorithms, phase-amplitude coupling-evolution map approach and phase-amplitude coupling-conditional mutual information which have been developed and applied originally in an identical rhythm, are generalized to measure cross-frequency coupling. The effectiveness of quantitatively distinguishing the changes of coupling strength from the measurement of phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is demonstrated based on simulation data.

Range wide molecular data and niche modeling revealed the Pleistocene history of a global invader (Halyomorpha halys).

Invasive species' Pleistocene history contains much information on its present population structure, dispersability and adaptability. In this study, the Pleistocene history of a global invasive pest (Brown Marmorated Stink Bug BMSB, Halyomorpha halys) was unveiled using the coupled approach of phylogeography and ecological niche modelling. Rangewide molecular data suggests that the Taiwan and other native populations had diverged in mid-Pleistocene.

[Genotypes and clinical features of 595 children with HbH disease in Guangxi, China].

Objective: To investigate the genotypes and clinical features of children with HbH disease in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Methods: A total of 595 children from Guangxi were recruited. Single-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction combined with agarose gel electrophoresis, as well as reverse dot blotting, were performed to detect the three α-globin gene deletion mutations (--(SEA), -α(3.

[Analysis of chromosomal abnormalities and a report of eight new karyotypes among children in genetic counseling].

Objective: To study the relationship between abnormal karyotypes and clinical phenotypes among children in genetic counseling in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Methods: We studied 601 children who visited Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Care Hospital for genetic counseling between January 2009 and July 2012. Blood samples were cultured routinely for karyotype analysis with G banding as well as clinical analysis.

rs10505474 and rs7837328 at 8q24 cumulatively confer risk of prostate cancer in Northern Han Chinese.

Aims: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk variants for prostate cancer (pCa) mainly in Europeans, which need to be further verified in other racial groups. We selected six previously identified variants as candidates and to define the association with PCa in Northern Han Chinese.

Methods: 749 subjects from Beijing and Tianjin in Northern China were included.

Association between APOC1 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous association studies examining the relationship between the APOC1 polymorphism and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown conflicting results, and it is not clear if an APOC1 variant acts as a genetic risk factor in AD etiology across multiple populations.

Methods: To confirm the risk association between APOC1 and AD, we designed a case-control study and also performed a meta-analysis of previously published studies.

Results: Seventy-nine patients with AD and one hundred fifty-six unrelated controls were included in case-control study.

Trans-ethnical shift of the risk genotype in the CETP I405V with longevity: a Chinese case-control study and meta-analysis.

Background: The I405V polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene (CETP) has been suggested to be a protective factor conferring longevity in Ashkenazi Jews, although findings in other races are not supportive. This paper describes a case-control study and a meta-analysis conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the association between CETP 405V and longevity.

Methods: We enrolled 1,021 ethnic Han Chinese participants (506 in the longevity group and 515 controls), then performed a meta-analysis that integrated the current study and previously published ones.

[Cytogenetic analysis of 105 new human abnormal karyotypes].

To analyze the genetic effect of the abnormal chromosome karyotype, we summarized and studied the clinical data of the new abnormal karyotypes diagnosed at the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Care Hospital from January 2009 to July 2012. The samples were cultured routinely for the karyotype analysis using G banding and C banding. Chromosomal aberrations were named according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN 2009).

[Association between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and longevity of populations from Yongfu region of Guangxi].

Objective: To assess the association between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and the longevity phenomena in Yongfu region of Guangxi. In this case-control study, 500 individuals from Yongfu region of Guangxi were recruited. The subjects were divided into a longevity group (n=223, average age=93.

Genetic correction of β-thalassemia patient-specific iPS cells and its use in improving hemoglobin production in irradiated SCID mice.

The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from differentiated somatic cells by over-expression of several transcription factors has the potential to cure many genetic and degenerative diseases currently recalcitrant to traditional clinical approaches. One such genetic disease is β-thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia). This disease is caused by either a point mutation or the deletion of several nucleotides in the β-globin gene, and it threatens the lives of millions of people in China.

Molecular spectrum of α- and β-globin gene mutations detected in the population of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.

We studied 6,023 individuals diagnosed with anemia on the basis of hematological examinations. The study showed that the frequency of α-thalassemia (α-thal) carriers was 26.9% and β-thal carriers comprised 19.

[Study on the longevity related mitochondrial genome variation in Bama elderly population in Guangxi province].

Objective: To investigate the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations associated with longevity in Bama elderly population from Guangxi.

Methods: Mitochondrial genome of 20 individuals over 96 years of age was sequenced, and seven target single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were observed by comparing with the standard rCRS sequence, and two were tested by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a larger population including 208 individuals of 90-113 years old, and 586 unrelated control individuals from Guangxi.

Results: The 4824G frequency of the mtDNA4824A/G locus increased with age both in the long-lived elderly and in controls.

[Cytogenetic study of Down syndrome cases in Nanning, China].

To investigate the distribution and the characteristics of karyotypes in Down syndrome patients in Nanning city, China, Cytogenetic analysis was carried out in 500 cases clinically suspected for Down syndrome during 1994 to 2007. One hundred and thirty cases were diagnosed as Down syndrome in the panel of patients with karyotyping analysis. The prevalence distribution of chromosome abnormalities in Chinese Down syndrome patients in Nanning were 86.

[Analysis of the chromosomal abnormality in 5774 patients with clinical reproductive abnormality and 32 new karyotypes].

To study the relationship between chromosomal abnormality and clinical ending events of reproductive abnormality, G-banding and karyotype analyses were carried out by using chromosome preparations from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Out of 5 774 cases with reproductive abnormality, 550 individuals had chromosomal abnormalities. Among them, 255 cases (46.

[Progress in the research of genes related to human longevity].

Human longevity is the result of combined actions by many factors including genetics, environment and so on. Although longevity can take its natural course, it can be extended with social and scientific advances. This review presents the recent progress in longevity studies, especially on the research of longevity related genes in model species.

Neither the tumor necrosis factor alpha-308 A/G polymorphism nor the alpha2-macroglobulin polymorphism was associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese population.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. It is a complex and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could prevent or delay the onset of LOAD suggesting inflammation may be involved in AD.