Electrodeposition of Cu nanowires with ultrahigh-density twin boundaries: an electrochemical perspective on nanotwinning.

Many spectacular nanotwinned Cu (nt-Cu) properties depend on the spacing of adjacent twin boundaries (TBs) inside crystal grains. The average TB spacing is typically 10-100 nm in electrodeposited nt-Cu films. This study employed template-assisted electrodeposition to grow nt-Cu nanowires with high-density TBs (average TB spacing <5 nm).

Thin Film TaFe, TaCo, and TaNi as Potential Optical Hydrogen Sensing Materials.

This paper studies the structural and optical properties of tantalum-iron-, tantalum-cobalt-, and tantalum-nickel-sputtered thin films both ex situ and while being exposed to various hydrogen pressures/concentrations, with a focus on optical hydrogen sensing applications. Optical hydrogen sensors require sensing materials that absorb hydrogen when exposed to a hydrogen-containing environment. In turn, the absorption of hydrogen causes a change in the optical properties that can be used to create a sensor.

Altered assembly paths mitigate interference among paralogous complexes.

Protein complexes are fundamental to all cellular processes, so understanding their evolutionary history and assembly processes is important. Gene duplication followed by divergence is considered a primary mechanism for diversifying protein complexes. Nonetheless, to what extent assembly of present-day paralogous complexes has been constrained by their long evolutionary pathways and how cross-complex interference is avoided remain unanswered questions.

Machine learning-based non-destructive terahertz detection of seed quality in peanut.

Rapid identification of peanut seed quality is crucial for public health. In this study, we present a terahertz wave imaging system using a convolutional neural network (CNN) machine learning approach. Terahertz waves are capable of penetrating the seed shell to identify the quality of peanuts without causing any damage to the seeds.

Suppressing Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome-Cell Division Cycle 20 Activity to Enhance the Effectiveness of Anti-Cancer Drugs That Induce Multipolar Mitotic Spindles.

Paclitaxel induces multipolar spindles at clinically relevant doses but does not substantially increase mitotic indices. Paclitaxel's anti-cancer effects are hypothesized to occur by promoting chromosome mis-segregation on multipolar spindles leading to apoptosis, necrosis and cyclic-GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) pathway activation in daughter cells, leading to secretion of type I interferon (IFN) and immunogenic cell death. Eribulin and vinorelbine have also been reported to cause increases in multipolar spindles in cancer cells.

SpliceAPP: an interactive web server to predict splicing errors arising from human mutations.

Background: Splicing variants are a major class of pathogenic mutations, with their severity equivalent to nonsense mutations. However, redundant and degenerate splicing signals hinder functional assessments of sequence variations within introns, particularly at branch sites. We have established a massively parallel splicing assay to assess the impact on splicing of 11,191 disease-relevant variants.

Associations between transfusion reactions and thromboembolism development in blood-transfused patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Blood transfusion (BT) may be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism. The associations between transfusion reactions (TRs) during BTs and potential risk factors for the development of thromboembolism in patients underwent blood transfusion have not been analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to compare risk factors associated with the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or pulmonary embolism (PE) between patients underwent blood transfusion with and without TRs.

Identifying factors associated with substantially reduced adult height in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), an autoimmune disease affecting children or adolescents and causing joint or systemic symptoms, reportedly has a negative effect on the patients' body height. This study aimed to identify factors attributable to substantially reduced adult height (SRAH) in JIA patients.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients from 2009 to 2019 in Taiwan.

Mitigating the Counterpart Selection Effect for Standard Sirens.

The disagreement in the Hubble constant measured by different cosmological probes highlights the need for a better understanding of the observations or new physics. The standard siren method, a novel approach using gravitational-wave observations to determine the distance to binary mergers, has great potential to provide an independent measurement of the Hubble constant and shed light on the tension in the next few years. To realize this goal, we must thoroughly understand the sources of potential systematic bias of standard sirens.

Data Format Standardization and DICOM Integration for Hyperpolarized C MRI.

Hyperpolarized (HP) C MRI has shown promise as a valuable modality for measurements of metabolism and is currently in human trials at 15 research sites worldwide. With this growth it is important to adopt standardized data storage practices as it will allow sites to meaningfully compare data. In this paper we (1) describe data that we believe should be stored and (2) demonstrate pipelines and methods that utilize the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard.

Long-term hematopoietic transfer of the anti-cancer and lifespan-extending capabilities of a genetically engineered blood system by transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells.

A causal relationship exists among the aging process, organ decay and disfunction, and the occurrence of various diseases including cancer. A genetically engineered mouse model, termed or (K74R), carrying mutation on the well-conserved sumoylation site of the hematopoietic transcription factor KLF1/EKLF has been generated that possesses extended lifespan and healthy characteristics, including cancer resistance. We show that the healthy longevity characteristics of the (K74R) mice, as exemplified by their higher anti-cancer capability, are likely gender-, age-, and genetic background-independent.

Data Format Standardization and DICOM Integration for Hyperpolarized C MRI.

Hyperpolarized (HP) C MRI has shown promise as a valuable modality for in vivo measurements of metabolism and is currently in human trials at 15 research sites worldwide. With this growth, it is important to adopt standardized data storage practices as it will allow sites to meaningfully compare data. In this paper, we (1) describe data that we believe should be stored and (2) demonstrate pipelines and methods that utilize the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard.

Computed tomography-based gastric volumetry for morbid obesity to assess weight loss and fatty liver change.

Background/purpose: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an effective treatment for patients with morbid obesity, but the optimal gastric volume (GV) for resection remains unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the optimal percentage of excised stomach that could engender significant weight loss and improve fatty liver.

Methods: This prospective study included 63 patients.

Hyperpolarized C metabolic imaging of the human abdomen with spatiotemporal denoising.

Purpose: Improving the quality and maintaining the fidelity of large coverage abdominal hyperpolarized (HP) C MRI studies with a patch based global-local higher-order singular value decomposition (GL-HOVSD) spatiotemporal denoising approach.

Methods: Denoising performance was first evaluated using the simulated [1- C]pyruvate dynamics at different noise levels to determine optimal k and k parameters. The GL-HOSVD spatiotemporal denoising method with the optimized parameters was then applied to two HP [1- C]pyruvate EPI abdominal human cohorts (n = 7 healthy volunteers and n = 8 pancreatic cancer patients).

Probing human heart TCA cycle metabolism and response to glucose load using hyperpolarized [2- C]pyruvate MRS.

Introduction: The healthy heart has remarkable metabolic flexibility that permits rapid switching between mitochondrial glucose oxidation and fatty acid oxidation to generate ATP. Loss of metabolic flexibility has been implicated in the genesis of contractile dysfunction seen in cardiomyopathy. Metabolic flexibility has been imaged in experimental models, using hyperpolarized (HP) [2- C]pyruvate MRI, which enables interrogation of metabolites that reflect tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux in cardiac myocytes.

Hyperpolarized C Metabolic MRI of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. However, early response assessment using the current approach of measuring changes in tumor size on computed tomography (CT) or MRI is challenging.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of hyperpolarized (HP) [1-C]pyruvate MRI to quantify metabolism in the normal appearing pancreas and PDA, and to assess changes in PDA metabolism following systemic chemotherapy.

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis and the Risk of Developing Incidental Tuberculosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

: Treatment for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) must deal with immunosuppression, as well as infections associated with a compromised immune system, such as tuberculosis (TB). Our aim was to examine the risk of incidental TB after diagnosis of AAV. : This retrospective population-based cohort study was based on the data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan.

Probing Human Heart TCA Cycle Metabolism and Response to Glucose Load using Hyperpolarized [2-C]Pyruvate MR Spectroscopy.

Introduction: The normal heart has remarkable metabolic flexibility that permits rapid switching between mitochondrial glucose oxidation and fatty acid (FA) oxidation to generate ATP. Loss of metabolic flexibility has been implicated in the genesis of contractile dysfunction seen in cardiomyopathy. Metabolic flexibility has been imaged in experimental models, using hyperpolarized (HP) [2-C]pyruvate MRI, which enables interrogation of metabolites that reflect tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux in cardiac myocytes.

Bridging geographical disparities across 368 townships with healthcare system and socioeconomic factors in Taiwan.

A universal health insurance program such as the National Health Insurance in Taiwan offers a wide coverage and increased access to healthcare services. Despite its ongoing efforts to enhance healthcare accessibility, differences in health for people living in urban and resource-deprived areas remain substantial. To investigate the longitudinal impact of the healthcare system and other potential structural drivers such as education and economic development on geographical disparities in health, we designed a panel study with longitudinal open secondary data, covering all 368 townships in Taiwan between 2013 and 2017.