Triptolide Attenuates Renal Slit Diagram to Tight Junction Transition in Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating Nrf2-Ferroptosis Pathway.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prominent etiological factor underlying the onset of end-stage kidney disease, which is characterized by the presence of microalbuminuria. Recent studies have found that high glucose can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in podocytes, leading to renal impairment and proteinuria. Triptolide was extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Hook F.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Synteny, structure, tissue distribution and expression in oleic acid (OA)-induced adipocytes and hepatocytes.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in mammals, however, its gene structure and function is little known about in fish. Here, its two paralogs, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) GSK-3β1 and GSK-3β2 were isolated and characterized, encoding peptides of 421 and 457 amino acids, respectively. These two paralogs may have originated from the teleost-specific genome duplication (TSGD) event.

Greater potency of adipocytes compared with preadipocytes under lipopolysaccharide exposure in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella.

Excessive body fat is a chronic inflammatory disorder. In this process, white adipose tissue (WAT) performs immune activities because of the dysregulated expression of adipokines. Excessive fat is accumulated in farmed fish, thereby threatening fish health.