Engineered extracellular vesicles: A new approach for targeted therapy of tumors and overcoming drug resistance.

Targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs and overcoming drug resistance in malignant tumor cells remain significant clinical challenges. However, there are only few effective methods to address these issues. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), actively secreted by cells, play a crucial role in intercellular information transmission and cargo transportation.

Risk-adapted treatment reduced chemotherapy exposure for clinical stage I pediatric testicular cancer.

Background: Different from adult clinical stage I (CS1) testicular cancer, surveillance has been recommended for CS1 pediatric testicular cancer. However, among high-risk children, more than 50% suffer a relapse and progression during surveillance, and adjuvant chemotherapy needs to be administered. Risk-adapted treatment might reduce chemotherapy exposure among these children.

Oncogenic potential of macrophage‑capping protein in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Macrophage‑capping protein (CapG) is a newly characterized oncogene involved in several types of cancer. However, the expression patterns and biological mechanisms of CapG in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of CapG in the prognosis, proliferation and metastasis of ccRCC.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is associated with distinct resting-state neural patterns in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Introduction: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) may be effective for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); however, the neural mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the potential neural mechanisms through which MBCT may reduce anxiety in patients with mild-to-moderate GAD.

Methods: Eight weekly group MBCT sessions (2 h each) were conducted with 32 GAD patients.

[Quantitative and comparative proteomics analysis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and adjacent noncancerous tissues by 2-D DIGE].

Objective: To identify specific protein markers for renal cell carcinoma detection and diagnosis, as well as develop new potential therapeutic targets of the disease.

Methods: We used two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) technique conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of significant differentially expressed proteins between 15cases of paired clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and adjacent normal renal tissues. The protein spots were considered as differentially expressed if a 1.

Intravenous misplacement of nephrostomy tube following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Three new cases and review of seven cases in the literature.

Purpose: We investigated the characteristics and management of patients with intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube.

Materials And Methods: Between July 2007 and July 2013, 4148 patients with urolithiasis underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in our hospital. Intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube occurred in two of these patients.

Cortical surface area correlates with STON2 gene Ser307Pro polymorphism in first-episode treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Evidence shows that STON2 gene is associated with synaptic function and schizophrenia. This study aims to explore the relationship between two functional polymorphisms (Ser307Pro and Ala851Ser) of STON2 gene and the cortical surface area in first-episode treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Methodology/principal Findings: Magnetic resonance imaging of the whole cortical surface area, which was computed by an automated surface-based technique (FreeSurfer), was obtained from 74 first-episode treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia and 55 healthy controls.

[Genome-wide association study with memory measures as a quantitative trait locus for schizophrenia].

Objective: To assess the association between gene polymorphisms and memory function through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia and control group. Memory cognition was used as a quantitative trait (QT).

Methods: Ninty-eight subjects with chronic schizophrenia and 60 matched controls were genotyped with HumanHap660 Bead Array.

Detection of metabolites in the white matter of frontal lobes and hippocampus with proton in first-episode treatment-naïve schizophrenia patients.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the changes of the metabolites in the white matter of frontal lobes and hippocampus in schizophrenia by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS).

Methods: Sixty-three first-episode treatment-naïve schizophrenia (FES) patients and 63 age-, gender- and education level-matched healthy controls were recruited. The relative levels of metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), (Cr) and myo-inositol (MI) were detected with (1) H-MRS, and the laterality index (Li) was calculated.

Patient outcome and prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma in clinical stage T(1-3)N(1-2)M(0): a single-institution analysis.

Objective: To report our data of patients with clinical stage T(1-3)N(1-2)M(0) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and explore the biological behavior of this malignancy.

Methods: A total of 531 patients with no distant metastatic RCC underwent open radical nephrectomy at our institution between 1988 and 2008, among whom 42 patients with histological nodal metastases had successful surgical tumor resection. The clinical data and outcomes of the 42 patients were analyzed.

[Synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter: report of two cases and review of literature].

Objective: To study the clinicopathological characteristics of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter.

Methods: The clinical data of two cases of synchronous SCC of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. In case 1, a 68-year-old man with hematuria for a month, imaging modalities revealed a right renal pelvis tumor and a right distal ureter tumor.

[A comparative study of voxel-based morphometry in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar mania].

Objective: To assess volumetric abnormalities of grey matter in the brains of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (mania).

Methods: 3D T1 weighted images were acquired by magnetic resonance imaging from 20 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, 20 patients with bipolar disorder (mania) and 20 control subjects. Regional deviation in gray matter volume was assessed using optimized volumetric voxel-based morphometry.

[Brain structure abnormality as genetic endophenotype of schizophrenia].

Objective: To explore the role of genetic factors in the brain structural variation by using magnetic resonance imaging scan in schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings, and to provide experimental evidence for identifying endophenotype of schizophrenia.

Methods: The optimized voxel-based morphometry (OVBM) was used to process the brain magnetic resonance images in 15 first episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients, 19 unaffected siblings of the patients and 38 normal control subjects. The data were analyzed by using general linear model.

[Expression and clinical significance of Bmi-1 protein in bladder cancer].

Background & Objective: At present, the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of bladder cancer are still poorly understood. This study was to explore the expression and significance of Bmi-1 in bladder cancer, and analyze its correlations to clinicopathologic features and prognosis of bladder cancer.

Methods: The expression of Bmi-1 protein in 137 specimens of bladder cancer and 30 specimens of normal bladder tissues was detected by SP immunohistochemistry, and its correlations to clinicopathologic features and prognosis of the patients were analyzed.

[Clinical analysis of stage I pediatric testicular yolk sac tumors: a report of ten cases].

Background & Objective: At present, pediatric testicular yolk sac tumor is hard to be diagnosed at early stage, and the treatment strategy for this disease after radical inguinal orchiectomy is uncertain. This study was to summarize our experience in diagnosing and treating clinical stage I pediatric testicular yolk sac tumors.

Methods: Clinical data of ten patients with clinical stage I pediatric testicular yolk sac tumors treated from July 2001 to June 2007 were analyzed.

[Clinical analysis of 14 cases of urachal carcinoma].

Background & Objective: Urachal carcinoma is a rare malignancy. This study was to summarize our clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of urachal carcinoma.

Methods: Fourteen cases of urachal carcinoma treated from May 1994 to April 2007 at Cancer Center and The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

[Emergent treatment for latent pheochromocytoma diagnosed during operation: a report of 11 Cases].

Background & Objective: Latent pheochromocytoma (PHOE) is a rare disease with no symptom of hypertension, which is easily to be misdiagnosed before operation. There occurs dramatic fluctuations of blood pressure during surgical resection, and the risk of surgery for these patients is rather high. This study was to summarize our experiences in handling emergent treatment for latent PHOE.