Early and accurate diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment plans are crucial for patients with gastrointestinal hemangiomas.

Gastrointestinal hemangioma (GIH) is clinically rare, accounting for 7%-10% of benign gastrointestinal tumors and 0.5% of systemic hemangiomas. GIH can occur as either solitary or multiple lesions, with gastrointestinal bleeding as a significant clinical manifestation.

Pancreatic lipase-inhibiting polysaccharide from Stropharia rugosoannulata: Structural characterization and interaction mechanisms.

Obesity as a global epidemic concern is often considered as a risk factor for multiple metabolic syndrome. Exploring safe and effective natural ingredients exhibiting excellent pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition has become a promising way to overcome this issue. This study aimed to investigate the structural characterization of Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharide (STR-II*) as well as its inhibition effect and mechanism on PL.

The effects of clinical crown length on the sagittal movement of maxillary central incisor in clear aligner treatment: a finite element exploration.

Background: The mechanism of force application in clear aligner treatment involves wrapping the clinical crowns, suggesting that the size of the clinical crowns may impact tooth movement. The present finite element study aimed to explore the impact of clinical crown length on the sagittal movement of maxillary central incisor in clear aligner treatment.

Methods: The standard maxillary dentition model was developed using computer tomography scanning.

Label-free rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing with machine-learning based dynamic holographic laser speckle imaging.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a significant global challenge, creating an urgent need for rapid and sensitive antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods to guide timely treatment decisions. Traditional AST techniques, such as broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and gradient diffusion assays, require extended incubation times, delaying critical therapeutic interventions. In this study, we present a dynamic holographic laser speckle imaging (DhLSI) system, coupled with machine learning algorithms, for rapid assessment of bacterial susceptibility upon antibiotic treatment.

Moderate climate sensitivity due to opposing mixed-phase cloud feedbacks.

Earth's climate sensitivity quantifies the ultimate change in global mean surface air temperature in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO concentrations. Recent assessments estimate that Earth's climate sensitivity lies between 2.3 °C and 4.

A Three-Tiered Hierarchical Computational Framework Bridging Molecular Systems and Junction-Level Charge Transport.

The nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method combined with ab initio calculations has been widely used to study charge transport in molecular junctions. However, the significant computational demands of high-resolution calculations for all device components pose challenges in simulating junctions with complex molecular junction structures and understanding the functionality of molecular devices. In this study, we developed a series of computational methods capable of effectively handling the molecular Hamiltonian, electrode electronic structures, and their interfacial coupling at different theoretical levels.

Designing novel nucleoside inhibitors targeting the allosteric site of PBP2a: A strategic approach to overcome resistance in MRSA.

Due to the prolonged misuse of antimicrobial agents and the development of various resistance mechanisms, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a leading threat to the public health. The production of a penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) plays a crucial role in cell wall synthesis of MRSA, and conformational alterations in PBP2a impede the effective binding of β-lactam antibiotics, the most effective class of antibiotic, to the active site. The PBP2a allosteric site located 60 Å from the active site, and binding of allosteric site significantly influences the conformational dynamics of the active site.

Steroids combined with anticoagulant in acute/subacute severe cerebral venous thrombosis.

Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in severe cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) pathogenesis, but the benefits of anti-inflammatory therapies remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between steroid therapy combined with anticoagulation and the prognosis of acute/subacute severe CVT patients.

Methods: A prospective cohort study enrolled patients with acute/subacute severe CVT at Xuanwu Hospital (July 2020-January 2024).

The role of the glutathione pathway in tracheal regeneration with aortic allografts through antioxidant-driven tissue integration.

Tracheal regeneration remains a major challenge due to the lack of efficient graft integration and functional restoration. Current approaches fail to address oxidative stress-induced tissue remodeling. Here, we show that the glutathione pathway plays a pivotal role in tracheal regeneration with aortic allografts by modulating redox homeostasis and promoting host-graft integration.

High-resolution monthly assessment of population exposure to PM and its relationship with socioeconomic activities using multisource geospatial data.

Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of population exposure to PM (PEP) and its relationship with socioeconomic activity (SEA) is crucial to reduce exposure risks and health dangers. However, few studies have investigated the dynamic variations of PEP within large regions at high spatiotemporal resolution; further, the impact mechanism between PEP and SEA remains largely unclear. Therefore, we estimated highly accurate PM concentrations in the Hunan province, China, using the Boruta and random forest (RF) algorithms and evaluated high-spatiotemporal-resolution PEP based on the estimated PM and obtained population data.

Sea ice pattern effect on Earth's energy budget is characterized by hemispheric asymmetry.

Earth's energy budget is sensitive to the spatial distribution of sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration (SIC) change, but the global radiative effect of changes in SIC spatial distribution has not been quantified. We show that SIC-induced radiation anomalies at the top of the atmosphere are sensitive to the location of SIC reduction in each season, which qualitatively explains how and why the effect of sea ice loss on Earth's energy budget is determined by its spatial pattern. Idealized experiments indicate that SIC-induced surface warming is greater in the Arctic regions, resulting in a more negative Planck feedback.

Novel agents derived from natural product β-elemene: A second round of design and synthesis to enhance antitumor properties.

Natural products play a key role in drug discovery and development. The natural sesquiterpene, β-elemene, has been approved as an antitumor drug in China. Despite showing few side effects, the moderate antitumor potency of β-elemene hampers its wide application in clinic.

Climate change is leading to an ecological trap in a migratory insect.

Many insect migrants rely on favorable seasonal winds to carry out long-range latitudinal migrations. In East China, the annual advance and retreat of the East Asian summer monsoon produces ideal conditions for seasonal range expansion and contraction of many migratory crop pests. However, climate-induced changes in the strength, timing, and location of the monsoon are impacting wind systems which may, in turn, affect migration patterns.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.

The year 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Over recent years, SERS has experienced rapid development and became a critical tool in biomedicine with its unparalleled sensitivity and molecular specificity. This review summarizes the advancements and challenges in SERS substrates, nanotags, instrumentation, and spectral analysis for biomedical applications.

Low-Rank Algorithms for Ab Initio Valence Bond Approaches.

Valence bond (VB) theory is an ab initio approach that provides intuitive pictures and insights into chemical bonds and reaction mechanisms. This work integrates low-rank algorithms, including the resolution of the identity and the chain of spheres for exchange, into VB methods. These algorithms significantly improve the efficiency of VB calculations by reducing the computational expense and storage requirement of Fock matrix construction and integral transformations while preserving chemical accuracy.

Effects of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus polysaccharide against advanced glycation end-products: Structural characterization and underlying anti-glycation mechanism.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) generated during protein glycation trigger significant concerns for human health. Exploring safe and effective natural ingredients exhibiting excellent AGEs inhibition has become a promising way to overcome this issue. This research focused on the structural features of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus polysaccharide (FJP-1) as well as its AGE-inhibiting capacity and mechanisms.

Risk factors for malignant solid pulmonary nodules: a meta-analysis.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that clinical and imaging features may assist in distinguishing between benign and malignant solid lung nodules. Yet, the specific characteristics in question continue to be debated. This meta-analysis aims to identify risk factors for malignant solid lung nodules, thereby supporting informed clinical decision-making.

Use of tranexamic acid in hepatectomy under controlled low central venous pressure: a randomized controlled study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in hepatectomy when administered as per the standardized protocol of controlled low central venous pressure (CLCVP).

Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the TXA group (group T) or the placebo group (group N).

Valence Bond Molecular Dynamics: A Study of S2 Reaction Mechanisms.

In this paper, a molecular dynamics (MD) approach based on classical valence bond (VB) theory, referred to as AIVBMD, is presented. To validate AIVBMD, a novel algorithm that enables efficient computation of energy gradients based on nonorthogonal orbitals is introduced. Taking the gas-phase S2 reaction as an example, a compact VB wave function gives reasonable accuracy with only 27 VB structures, compared to the full active space of 5292 VB structures.

In vitro Stability Study of a Panel of Commercial Antibodies at Physiological pH and Temperature as a Guide to Screen Biologic Candidate Molecules for the Potential Risk of In vivo Asparagine Deamidation and Activity Loss.

Objective: Biologic drug molecules such as antibodies are exposed to the physiological stress conditions of pH 7.4 and 37°C during their long circulation lifetime in vivo. The stress on biologic molecules in vivo is more severe compared to that under typical storage conditions of low pH formulation and cold temperature.

Tandem Switch-Triggered On-Demand Synthesis of Aromatic Amines in High Yields.

Tandem catalysis stands as a beacon of chemical sustainability. Although bifunctional catalysts have achieved wide success in two-step tandem reactions, achieving multi-step catalysis with three or more distinct and potentially incompatible catalytic sites and components remains an ambitious challenge. Here, we present a "tandem switch" strategy that transforms these incompatibilities into functional advantages, enabling on-demand production of primary, secondary, and tertiary aromatic amines, all with yields exceeding 96 %.

MMP28 recruits M2-type tumor-associated macrophages through MAPK/JNK signaling pathway-dependent cytokine secretion to promote the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer.

Background: Crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is a critical driver of malignant progression, and plays an important role in the low response rate to immunotherapy in patients with for pancreatic cancer. Although it is known that cancer cells induce TAM infiltration and M2 polarization, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we identified matrix metalloproteinase 28 (MMP28), a highly expressed protein, as a key regulator of this process.

TREM2 improves coagulopathy and lung inflammation in sepsis through the AKT-mTOR pathway.

Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection, often accompanied by severe coagulopathy, leading to high mortality. Tissue factor (TF) plays a pivotal role in sepsis by promoting both coagulation and inflammation. Recently, TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2) has emerged as a key regulator of macrophage function, but its specific role in sepsis remains unclear.

Dumbbell-shaped thrombectomy device for cerebral venous sinus thrombus removal with controllable axial and longitudinal maneuverability.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is frequently observed in younger adults and features in large thrombus volume. Due to the triangular-like cross-sectional shape and large diameter of the superior sagittal sinus, all the commercially available artery stent retrievers are not suitable for venous vessels. In this study, a dumbbell-like stent was designed and fabricated by 3D braided technology using NiTi wires; it was manually rotatable and stretchable with controlled length/diameter ratios (2.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples offers diagnostic utility in bacteriologically negative pulmonary tuberculosis.

Rapid diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases is critical, particularly in cases without bacteriologically confirmed disease, as it enables timely treatment initiation and can thus interrupt further disease transmission. In this study, the utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) as a diagnostic tool was evaluated using samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 300 bacteriologically negative PTB (BN-PTB) patients hospitalized from January 2020 through December 2023.