cGAS-like receptors drive a systemic STING-dependent host response in Drosophila.

cGAS-like receptor (cGLR)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) recently emerged as an important pathway controlling viral infections in invertebrates. However, its exact contribution at the organismal level remains uncharacterized. Here, we use STING::GFP knockin reporter Drosophila flies to document activation of the pathway in vivo.

Trends of Copper Homeostasis in Neoplasms: A Systemic Bibliometric from 2013 to 2023.

Copper dysregulation is pivotal in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the knowledge framework of copper homeostasis within neoplasms utilizing bibliometric analysis. Publications about copper homeostasis in neoplasms from 2013 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases.

Visible Light [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Thermoresponsive Dendronized Styryltriazines To Exhibit Tunable Microconfinement.

Visible light-triggered photochemical reactions in aqueous media are highly valuable to tailor molecular structures and properties in an ecofriendly manner. Here we report visible light-induced catalyst-free [2 + 2] cycloadditions of thermoresponsive dendronized styryltriazines, which show tunable microconfinement to guest dyes in aqueous media. These dendronized styryltriazines are constituted of conjugated mono- or tristyryltriazines, which carry hydrophilic dendritic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) pendants.

The virus-induced cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'-c-di-GMP mediates STING-dependent antiviral immunity in Drosophila.

In mammals, the enzyme cGAS senses the presence of cytosolic DNA and synthesizes the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) 2'3'-cGAMP, which triggers STING-dependent immunity. In Drosophila melanogaster, two cGAS-like receptors (cGLRs) produce 3'2'-cGAMP and 2'3'-cGAMP to activate STING. We explored CDN-mediated immunity in 14 Drosophila species covering 50 million years of evolution and found that 2'3'-cGAMP and 3'2'-cGAMP failed to control infection by Drosophila C virus in D.

Research on Optical Metrology for Complex Optical Surfaces with Focal Plane Wavefront Sensing.

Complex optical elements have the advantages of improving image quality and optical performance and expanding the field of view. Therefore, it is widely used in X-ray scientific devices, adaptive optical elements, high-energy laser systems, and other fields and is a hot research direction in precision optics. Especially for precision machining, there is a greater need for high-precision testing technology.

A novel virus-induced cyclic dinucleotide, 2'3'-c-di-GMP, mediates STING-dependent antiviral immunity in .

In mammals, the enzyme cGAS senses the presence of cytosolic DNA and synthesizes the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) 2'3'-cGAMP. This CDN binds to and activates the protein STING to trigger immunity. We recently discovered in the model organism two cGAS-like receptors (cGLRs) that activate STING-dependent antiviral immunity and can produce 3'2'-cGAMP, in addition to 2'3'-cGAMP.

Tubular-specific expression of HIV protein Vpr leads to severe tubulointerstitial damage accompanied by progressive fibrosis and cystic development.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. HIV infection leads to a wide spectrum of kidney cell damage, including tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury. Among the HIV-1 proteins, the pathologic effects of viral protein R (Vpr) are well established and include DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and cell death.

Infection profile and risk factors for mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease attributable to systemic lupus erythematosus: a two-center integrated study.

Objective: Renal impairment is a significant complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Additionally, infection in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) attributable to SLE is common, and it increases the risk of mortality. This study explored the infection profile and risk factors for mortality in patients with ESRD attributable to SLE.

Using Artificial Intelligence Assisted Learning Technology on Augmented Reality-Based Manufacture Workflow.

The manufacturing process is defined by the synchronous matching and mutual support of the event logic and the task context, so that the work task can be completed perfectly, by executing each step of the manufacturing process. However, during the manufacturing process of the traditional production environment, on-site personnel are often faced with the situation that on-site advice is required, due to a lack of experience or knowledge. Therefore, the function of the manufacturing process should be more closely connected with the workers and tasks.

Pifithrin-α ameliorates glycerol induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury by reducing p53 activation.

Objectives: Rhabdomyolysis is a series of symptoms caused by the dissolution of striped muscle, and acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential complication of severe rhabdomyolysis. The underlying causes of AKI are remarkably complex and diverse. Here, we aim to investigate whether pifithrin-α protected against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI and to determine the involved mechanisms.

In Situ Observation of the Tensile Deformation and Fracture Behavior of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe Alloy with Different Microstructures.

The plastic deformation processes and fracture behavior of a Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy with bimodal and lamellar microstructures were studied by room-temperature tensile tests with in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The results indicate that a bimodal microstructure has a lower strength but higher ductility than a lamellar microstructure. For the bimodal microstructure, parallel, deep slip bands (SBs) are first noticed in the primary α (α) phase lying at an angle of about 45° to the direction of the applied tension, while they are first observed in the coarse lath α (α) phase or its interface at grain boundaries (GBs) for the lamellar microstructure.

A Preliminary Study of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Domestic Honey Produced in China.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants that pose a health risk to humans worldwide. Little information on ARGs in bee honey is available. This study profiles ARGs in bee honey samples produced in China, the biggest producer in the world.

Facile Fabrication of BiF: Ln (Ln = Gd, Yb, Er)@PVP Nanoparticles for High-Efficiency Computed Tomography Imaging.

X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in clinical practice, and contrast agents such as Iohexol are often used to enhance the contrast of CT imaging between normal and diseased tissue. However, such contrast agents can have some toxicity. Thus, new CT contrast agents are urgently needed.

Two cGAS-like receptors induce antiviral immunity in Drosophila.

In mammals, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) produces the cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'-cGAMP in response to cytosolic DNA and this triggers an antiviral immune response. cGAS belongs to a large family of cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases that is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In bacteria, these enzymes synthesize a range of cyclic oligonucleotides and have recently emerged as important regulators of phage infections.

cGAS-like receptors sense RNA and control 3'2'-cGAMP signalling in Drosophila.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that produces the second messenger cG[2'-5']pA[3'-5']p (2'3'-cGAMP) and controls activation of innate immunity in mammalian cells. Animal genomes typically encode multiple proteins with predicted homology to cGAS, but the function of these uncharacterized enzymes is unknown. Here we show that cGAS-like receptors (cGLRs) are innate immune sensors that are capable of recognizing divergent molecular patterns and catalysing synthesis of distinct nucleotide second messenger signals.

Construction of Smart Nanotheranostic Platform Bi-Ag@PVP: Multimodal CT/PA Imaging-Guided PDT/PTT for Cancer Therapy.

High-efficiency nanotheranostic agents with multimodal imaging guidance have attracted considerable interest in the field of cancer therapy. Herein, novel silver-decorated bismuth-based heterostructured polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanoparticles (NPs) with good biocompatibility (Bi-Ag@PVP NPs) were synthesized for accurate theranostic treatment, which can integrate computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) into one platform. The Bi-Ag@PVP NPs can enhance light absorption and achieve a better photothermal effect than bismuth NPs.

Effect of Zr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight AlNbTiVZr high entropy alloy.

Lightweight AlNbTiVZr (x = 1.0, 0.8, 0.

Morphology and molecules support the new monotypic genus (Rhamnaceae) from south China.

, a new monotypic genus, along with the new species , is described from Guangdong Province, China. The combined features of inferior ovary, cylindrical drupaceous fruits and orbicular and dorsiventrally-compressed seeds with an elongate and pronounced basal appendage make the new genus significantly different from other genera of the family. In addition, its pollen morphology also showed great similarity to other species of this stenopalynous family.

Low expression of HIV genes in podocytes accelerates the progression of diabetic kidney disease in mice.

With the widespread use combination antiretroviral therapy, there has been a dramatic decrease in HIV-associated nephropathy. However, although the patients living with HIV have low or undetectable viral load, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in this population remains high. Additionally, improved survival is associated with aging-related comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Mean Platelet Volume: A Novel Predictor for Bone Erosion in Gouty Arthritis?

Objective: Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can be complicated with bone erosion through several inflammatory factors. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is regarded as a marker in many inflammatory disorders, but despite this, the metric has not been used for gout.

Material And Methods: This study evaluates the relationship between MPV and bone erosion in patients with gout.

Nicotine induces insulin resistance via downregulation of Nrf2 in cardiomyocyte.

Clinical studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoking is strongly associated with insulin resistance and heart disease. Nicotine is considered the primary toxin constituent associated with smoking. However, the distinct molecular mechanism of nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction remains unclear.

Contribution of tissue transglutaminase to the severity of hepatic fibrosis resulting from Schistosoma japonicum infection through the regulation of IL-33/ST2 expression.

Background: Tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-regulating IL-13 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis resulting from Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) infection. IL-33 and its receptor ST2 are involved in Th2-biased immune responses through the release of IL-5 and IL-13 and subsequent hepatic granuloma pathology induced by Sj infection. However, the relationship between tTG, IL-33/ST2, and liver fibrosis during Schistosoma infection has not been established.

Use of Hematocrit for Short-Term Prognosis of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury After Decompressive Craniectomy.

Objective: To discuss the effects of the hematocrit (Hct) in patients with traumatic brain injury after decompressive craniectomy (DC).

Methods: Demographic data, inspection and treatment procedures, and 30-day prognosis were obtained for 158 patients with head injury who underwent unilateral DC in our hospital between January 2013 and June 2018. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze independent risk factors for 30-day outcome.

Establishment of rapid detection method and surveillance of budgerigar fledgling disease virus using a TaqMan Real-Time PCR.

Budgerigar fledgling disease virus (BFDV) infection causes sudden death, abdominal distention, and feather abnormality in psittacine birds. In this study, we developed a TaqMan Real-time PCR assay to detect BFDV by targeting a conserved region in VP1 gene. The detection limit of the assay was 30 DNA gene copies, 1000 times more sensitive than conventional PCR.

Effect of high-volume hemofiltration on mortality in critically ill patients: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: High-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) is widely used for blood purification in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory syndromes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of HVHF on mortality at different follow-up periods in critically ill patients.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through April 2017 to identify trials that evaluated the effect of HVHF on mortality in critically ill patients.