Systematic review on the effects of exercise with and without breakfast consumption on cognitive performance in healthy adults.

Background: The objective of this systematic review was to review the current evidence on the effects of acute exercise with and without morning breakfast consumption on cognitive performance.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines and is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023396125). Studies were included if they investigated effects of acute exercise with and without preceding morning breakfast on cognitive performance measured during and following exercise in healthy adults.

Acute caffeine supplementation offsets the impairment in 10-km running performance following one night of partial sleep deprivation: a randomized controlled crossover trial.

Introduction: Whether acute caffeine supplementation can offset the negative effects of one-night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on endurance exercise performance is currently unknown.

Methods: Ten healthy recreational male runners (age: 27 ± 6 years; : 61 ± 9 mL/kg/min) completed 4 trials in a balanced Latin square design, which were PSD + caffeine (PSD-Caf), PSD + placebo (PSD-Pla), normal sleep (NS) + caffeine (NS-Caf) and NS + placebo (NS-Pla). 3 and 8 h sleep windows were scheduled in PSD and NS, respectively.

Shear-Sensing by C-Reactive Protein: Linking Aortic Stenosis and Inflammation.

Background: CRP (C-reactive protein) is a prototypical acute phase reactant. Upon dissociation of the pentameric isoform (pCRP [pentameric CRP]) into its monomeric subunits (mCRP [monomeric CRP]), it exhibits prothrombotic and proinflammatory activity. Pathophysiological shear rates as observed in aortic valve stenosis (AS) can influence protein conformation and function as observed with vWF (von Willebrand factor).

Biased receptor signalling and intracellular trafficking profiles of structurally distinct formylpeptide receptor 2 agonists.

Background: There is increasing interest in developing FPR2 agonists (compound 43, ACT-389949 and BMS-986235) as potential pro-resolving therapeutics, with ACT-389949 and BMS-986235 having entered phase I clinical development. FPR2 activation leads to diverse downstream outputs. ACT-389949 was observed to cause rapid tachyphylaxis, while BMS-986235 and compound 43 induced cardioprotective effects in preclinical models.

A whole-cell platform for discovering synthetic cell adhesion molecules in bacteria.

Developing programmable bacterial cell-cell adhesion is of significant interest due to its versatile applications. Current methods that rely on presenting cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on bacterial surfaces are limited by the lack of a generalizable strategy to identify such molecules targeting bacterial membrane proteins in their natural states. Here, we introduce a whole-cell screening platform designed to discover CAMs targeting bacterial membrane proteins within a synthetic bacteria-displayed nanobody library.

Effects of Breaking Up Sitting on Gut Hormone Responses and Subsequent Compensatory Behaviors in Physically Inactive Adults.

Introduction: The effects of breaking up sitting on gut hormone responses and free-living energy compensatory behaviors are still unclear in people of Asian ethnicity.

Methods: Twenty-six Asians including 13 lean individuals (Lean) and 13 individuals with centrally overweight/obesity (OW), aged between 20 and 45 yr, completed a randomized crossover study with either 5.5-h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) or 5.

Effects of acute and chronic stair-climbing exercise on metabolic health: A systematic review.

Stair climbing exercise (SE) provides a feasible approach to elevate physical activity, but the effects on metabolic health are unclear. We systematically reviewed the currently available evidence on the effects of SE on fasting and postprandial glycaemia and lipidaemia. Studies were included if they investigated the effects of acute or chronic (at least 2 weeks) SE on fasting and/or postprandial glycaemic (insulin and glucose) and lipidaemic (triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids) responses in healthy, prediabetic or type 2 diabetic adult populations.

Graft-Host Interaction and Its Effect on Wound Repair Using Mouse Models.

Autologous skin grafting has been commonly used in clinics for decades to close large wounds, yet the cellular and molecular interactions between the wound bed and the graft that mediates the wound repair are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to better understand the molecular changes in the wound triggered by autologous and synthetic grafting. Defining the wound changes at the molecular level during grafting sets the basis to test other engineered skin grafts by design.

Effect of acute concurrent exercise training and the mediating role of lactate on executive function: An ERP study.

Both acute aerobic (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) have been acknowledged to be effective methods in enhancing executive function and brain-related P3 amplitudes. Nevertheless, the effect of acute concurrent exercise training (CET), combining both AE and RE, on executive function remains subject to speculation. Moreover, investigation of the mechanisms that underlie improvements in executive function would facilitate scientific understanding.

Breaking prolonged sitting increases 24-h physical activity and self-perceived energy levels but does not acutely affect cognition in healthy adults.

Introduction: It is unknown whether predetermined (un)interrupted sitting within a laboratory setting will induce compensatory changes in human behaviours (energy intake and physical activity) once people return to a free-living environment. The effects of breaking up prolonged sitting on cognition are also unclear.

Methods: Twenty-four (male = 13) healthy participants [age 31 ± 8 y, BMI 22.

Postprandial Metabolic Mesponses to High-fat Feeding in Healthy Adults Following Ingestion of Oolong Tea-Derived Polymerized Polyphenols: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study.

Background: Polymerized polyphenols (PP) found in oolong tea can inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and pilot work indicates that this may reduce postprandial lipemia. Since tea contains caffeine and catechins, the interactions between these ingredients and PP warrant investigation.

Objectives: To assess whether PP ingested alone or with caffeine and catechins lowers postprandial lipemia.

Quantitative proteomic landscape of unstable atherosclerosis identifies molecular signatures and therapeutic targets for plaque stabilization.

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to myocardial infarction is a major global health burden. Applying the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model, which distinctively exhibits the characteristics of human plaque instability/rupture, we use quantitative proteomics to understand and directly compare unstable and stable atherosclerosis. Our data highlight the disparate natures and define unique protein signatures of unstable and stable atherosclerosis.

Responses of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence during light induction in different seedling ages of Mahonia oiwakensis.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the actual state of the photosynthetic apparatus and exhibit distinguishable differences in the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) components in different seedling ages of M. oiwakensis plants subjected to different light intensity (LI). Potted 6-month-old greenhouse seedlings and field collected 2.

Colchicine exerts anti-atherosclerotic and -plaque-stabilizing effects targeting foam cell formation.

Colchicine is a broad-acting anti-inflammatory agent that has attracted interest for repurposing in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here, we studied its ability at a human equivalent dose of 0.5 mg/day to modify plaque formation and composition in murine atherosclerosis and investigated its actions on macrophage responses to atherogenic stimuli in vitro.

Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Intermittent Walking Increases Postprandial Gut Hormone Responses.

Introduction: Continuous exercise can increase postprandial gut hormone such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) responses, but it is unknown whether interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent walking elicits this effect.

Method: Ten participants with central overweight/obesity (7 men and 3 postmenopausal women, 51 ± 5 yr; mean ± SD) completed a randomized crossover study in which they consumed breakfast and lunch in the laboratory while either sitting continuously for the entire 5.5-h period (SIT) or the prolonged sitting interrupted every 20 min by walking briskly (6.

Acute effect of breaking up prolonged sitting on cognition: a systematic review.

Objectives: To review the current evidence on the acute effects of interrupting prolonged periods of sitting with intermittent physical activity (PA) on cognition in healthy populations.

Design: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.

Methods: Studies were included if they investigated the acute effects of taking regular PA breaks from sitting on cognition in healthy populations without any cardiovascular disease, history of brain injury, or psychiatric or neurological disorder.

3D-Printed Micro Lens-in-Lens for In Vivo Multimodal Microendoscopy.

Multimodal microendoscopes enable co-located structural and molecular measurements in vivo, thus providing useful insights into the pathological changes associated with disease. However, different optical imaging modalities often have conflicting optical requirements for optimal lens design. For example, a high numerical aperture (NA) lens is needed to realize high-sensitivity fluorescence measurements.

Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Stabilizes Diabetes-Induced Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability.

Background Diabetes is known to accelerate atherosclerosis and increase plaque instability. However, there has been a lack of suitable animal models to study the effect of diabetes on plaque instability. We hypothesized that the tandem stenosis mouse model, which reflects plaque instability/rupture as seen in patients, can be applied to study the effects of diabetes and respective therapeutics on plaque instability/rupture.

Pharmacological Inhibition of Factor XIIa Attenuates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Reduces Atherosclerosis, and Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaques.

Background: 3F7 is a monoclonal antibody targeting the enzymatic pocket of activated factor XII (FXIIa), thereby inhibiting its catalytic activity. Given the emerging role of FXIIa in promoting thromboinflammation, along with its apparent redundancy for hemostasis, the selective inhibition of FXIIa represents a novel and highly attractive approach targeting pathogenic processes that cause thromboinflammation-driven cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: The effects of FXIIa inhibition were investigated using three distinct mouse models of cardiovascular disease-angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an ApoE model of atherosclerosis, and a tandem stenosis model of atherosclerotic plaque instability.

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on energy expenditure and postprandial metabolism in healthy men.

It is unclear whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has meaningful metabolic effects when users have the opportunity to self-select the intensity to one that can be comfortably tolerated. Nine healthy men aged 28 ± 9 y (mean ± SD) with a body mass index 22.3 ± 2.

Effects of backhand stroke styles on bone mineral content and density in postmenopausal recreational tennis players: a cross-sectional pilot investigation.

Background: One-handed backhand (OB) and two-handed backhand (TB) styles are commonly used in tennis, but only TB generates loadings on the non-dominant arm and a greater extension torque on the rear leg, leading to a greater axial torque involving rotation of the hip and trunk. The current study investigated whether those effects can further affect bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in postmenopausal recreational tennis players.

Methods: BA, BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine, hip and distal radius were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in TB, OB, and swimmers' group as a control (SG) (all participants self-reported for at least 5 years of exercise history, n = 14 per group).