Schisandra total lignans ameliorate neuronal ferroptosis in 3xTg-AD mice via regulating NADK/NADPH/GSH pathway.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatments. Schisandra total lignans (STL), the primary active component of Schisandra chinensis, shows potential in alleviating AD-related symptoms, though the mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose: Considering the promoting effect of neuronal ferroptosis on AD and the neuroprotective activity of STL, this study aimed to investigate the impact of STL on AD neuronal ferroptosis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Pyrolysis of pig waste from intensive farming operations: Kinetics, product distribution, and transformation of endogenous heavy metals.

This study addresses the critical challenge of safe disposal and resource utilization of pig waste from intensive farming by investigating its pyrolysis behavior, product mechanisms, and heavy metal immobilization. The pyrolysis process was divided into four distinct stages, with kinetic parameters determined using the model-free FWO and KAS methods, ensuring accuracy without prior assumptions, complemented by the master plot method to elucidate reaction mechanisms. The optimal kinetic models identified as f(α)=4α, f(α)=3(1-α)[-ln(1-α)], f(α)=3α, f(α)=2α.

Integrated electrodialysis/electro-oxidation process for the treatment of chlorpyrifos wastewater with high energy efficiency.

A novel integration of the electrochemical process with electrodialysis and electro-oxidation (IEDEO) was designed for the effective pretreatment of chlorpyrifos manufacturing wastewater, with high concentrations of both salts and organic compounds. The effects of operating parameters including initial pH and constant voltage on the IEDEO process performance were investigated. The IEDEO process showed excellent performance for the simultaneous removal of bio-refractory organics and inorganics in the chlorpyrifos wastewater.

Akt-elicited phosphorylation of Acapin steers cell migration.

Cell migration requires the generation of branched actin networks and recruitment of vesicular membrane that power the protrusion of the plasma membrane in lamellipodia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dynamic recruitment of vesicular membrane during cell migration remain elusive. Here, we report a critical mechanism underlying EGF-elicited Akt signaling-steered cell migration.

Challenges and Possible Strategies to Address Them in Rare Disease Drug Development: A Statistical Perspective.

Developing drugs for rare diseases presents unique challenges from a statistical perspective. These challenges may include slowly progressive diseases with unmet medical needs, poorly understood natural history, small population size, diversified phenotypes and genotypes within a disorder, and lack of appropriate surrogate endpoints to measure clinical benefits. The Real-World Evidence (RWE) Scientific Working Group of the American Statistical Association Biopharmaceutical Section has assembled a research team to assess the landscape including challenges and possible strategies to address these challenges and the role of real-world data (RWD) and RWE in rare disease drug development.

Effects of Modification on Properties of Wood Flour/PBAT Biocomposites.

Wood flour (WF)-reinforced poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites were successfully fabricated by injection-molding process after being mixed using an extruder. The effects of fiber modifications, including mercerization, acetylation, as well as coupling agent treatment on the properties of WF/PBAT composites, were studied. The results indicated that all the modifications increased the mechanical properties (e.

Alterations in Whey Protein Abundance Correlated with the Somatic Cell Count Identified via Label-Free and Selected Reaction Monitoring Proteomic Approaches.

The somatic cell count (SCC) is widely used to assess milk quality and diagnose intramammary infections. Several whey proteins have been shown to correlate significantly with SCC and are considered potential indicators of udder health. However, the relationship between milk whey proteins and SCC has not been fully elucidated.

Starvation-induced HBP metabolic reprogramming and STAM2 O-GlcNAcylation facilitate bladder cancer metastasis.

Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic alternations are implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, but the metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying lymphatic and distant metastasis of bladder cancer (BCa) remain poorly understood. In this study, we provide the first evidence that glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFAT1), the crucial rate-limiting switch of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), is considerably upregulated in the nutrient-scarce microenvironment and causes a high O-GlcNAcylation of signal transducing adaptor molecule 2 (STAM2), further facilitating lymphatic and distant metastasis of BCa. Inhibition of GFAT1 and O-GlcNAcylation impairs STAM2-induced metastasis.

Potential Applications of Chitosan in Seborrheic Dermatitis and Other Skin Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.

This review article explores the potential applications of chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from crustacean shells, in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and other skin diseases. SD is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, scaling, itching, and an oily appearance, predominantly affecting areas rich in sebaceous glands. Current treatments, including antifungal agents, corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors, offer symptomatic relief but have limitations in long-term use due to side effects and resistance issues.

Impact of a 7-day short peptide diet on gut microbiota and metabolomics in septic mice.

Objective: Our study aim is to explore the mechanisms of short peptide passages on intestinal dysfunction in septic mice utilizing a metabolomics approach, which provides a new scientific basis for the clinical study of sepsis.

Methods: Mices were allocated at random into four groups: control (Con), cecal ligation and puncture followed by one, three or 7 day short-peptide-based enteral nutrition group (CLP + SPEN1), (CLP + SPEN3), and (CLP + SPEN7) groups. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics method was used to analyze changes in serum metabolites in septic mice.

Myeloid sirtuin 6 deficiency causes obesity in mice by inducing norepinephrine degradation to limit thermogenic tissue function.

Brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy to generate heat through uncoupled respiration, and the hormone norepinephrine plays an important role in stimulating brown fat thermogenesis and beige adipocyte development in white adipose depots. Increasing energy expenditure by promoting the function and development of brown and beige fat is a potential approach to treat obesity and diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of macrophage sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) on the regulation of the norepinephrine content of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and on obesity in mice.

Minocycline-Loaded Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Augmented Synergistic Periodontal Sonodynamic Chemotherapy.

Background: The current clinical treatment of periodontitis usually involves mechanical removal of pathogenic bacteria through ultrasonic scaling and root planing, supplemented with antibacterial medications to inhibit microbial overgrowth. However, the therapeutic efficiency remains unsatisfactory due to complicated periodontal anatomy, limited plaque removal, short retention of antibiotics, and related side effects.

Methods And Results: To address these issues, we successfully synthesized mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles (MTN) via a sol-gel method, which were modified with hemoglobin (Hb) and loaded with minocycline (MINO).

Inferring gene regulatory networks from time-series scRNA-seq data via GRANGER causal recurrent autoencoders.

The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provides valuable data resources for inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs), enabling deeper insights into cellular mechanisms and diseases. While many methods exist for inferring GRNs from static scRNA-seq data, current approaches face challenges in accurately handling time-series scRNA-seq data due to high noise levels and data sparsity. The temporal dimension introduces additional complexity by requiring models to capture dynamic changes, increasing sensitivity to noise, and exacerbating data sparsity across time points.

Mapping 1-km soybean yield across China from 2001 to 2020 based on ensemble learning.

Soybean is a critical agricultural product in China, with domestic production unable to satisfy the substantial demand, leading to a huge reliance on imports. To support the scientific formulation of agricultural policies and the optimization of domestic planting structures, we developed a high-resolution annual soybean yield dataset for China (2001-2020), ChinaSoyYield1km. This dataset was generated by applying ensemble learning algorithms and spatial decomposition to a comprehensive set of multi-source data, including climate variables, remote sensing imagery, soil properties, agricultural management practices, and official yield records.

Apolipoprotein E genotype is associated with island sign in lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: The island sign is a predictor of hematoma expansion and worse outcomes in patients of spontaneous primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The biological mechanism of the island sign remains unclear, but its presence might be influenced by the underlying vasculopathy related to Apolipoprotein E () genotypes. Therefore, we aimed to research the association between genotypes and the island sign.

Surface Display: Advances and Applications in Biocatalysis.

surface display technology, which facilitates the stable display of target peptides and proteins on the bacterial surface through fusion with anchor proteins, has become a potent and versatile tool in biotechnology and biomedicine. The surface display strategy presents a unique alternative to classic intracellular and extracellular expression systems, facilitating the anchorage of target peptides and proteins on the cell surface for functional execution. This distinctive attribute also introduces a novel paradigm in the realm of biocatalysis, harnessing cells with surface-displayed enzymes to catalyze the conversion of substrates.

Engineering Extracellular Vesicles Derived from 3D Cultivation of BMSCs Enriched with HGF Ameliorate Sepsis-Induced Lung Epithelial Barrier Damage.

Sepsis is a critical condition with high mortality, often leading to acute lung injury (ALI) due to uncontrolled inflammatory responses and alveolar epithelial damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs, have shown therapeutic potential in sepsis-related organ dysfunction by transferring RNAs and proteins. However, their clinical use is limited by low efficacy and yield.

Erratum: A latent transfer learning method for estimating hospital-specific post-acute healthcare demands following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.

From Basic to Extra Features: Hypergraph Transformer Pretrain-then-Finetuning for Balanced Clinical Predictions on EHR.

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain rich patient information and are crucial for clinical research and practice. In recent years, deep learning models have been applied to EHRs, but they often rely on massive features, which may not be readily available for all patients. We propose HTP-Star, which leverages hypergraph structures with a pretrain-then-finetune framework for modeling EHR data, enabling seamless integration of additional features.

MicroRNAs as regulators of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis: pathogenesis and diagnostic potential.

Introduction: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition arising from an uncontrolled immune response to infection, can lead to organ dysfunction, with severe inflammation potentially causing multiple organ failures. Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction (SIMD) is a common and severe complication of sepsis, significantly increasing patient mortality. Understanding the pathogenesis of SIMD is crucial for improving treatment, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in this process.

Regional trends and disparities in newer GLP1 receptor agonist initiation among real-world adult patients eligible for obesity treatment.

Aims: To characterize trends in the initiation of newer anti-obesity medications (AOMs) and determine factors associated with their use among obese/overweight populations.

Materials And Methods: This study utilized electronic health record data from OneFlorida+ (2015-2024). Adults eligible for AOMs were included, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m or a BMI of 27-29.

Correction: Otolith biogeochemistry reveals possible impacts of extreme climate events on population connectivity of a highly migratory fish, Japanese Spanish mackerel .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s42995-024-00229-x.].

Deep learning-based weed detection for precision herbicide application in turf.

Background: Precision weed mapping in turf according to its susceptibility to selective herbicides allows the smart sprayer to spot-spray the most pertinent herbicides onto the susceptible weeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing herbicide susceptibility-based weed mapping using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to facilitate targeted and efficient herbicide applications. Additionally, applying path-planning algorithms to weed mapping data to guide the spraying nozzle ensures minimal travel paths for herbicide application.

Determination of quality differences and origin tracing of green tea from different latitudes based on TG-FTIR and machine learning.

Latitude differences can significantly affect the quality of tea, while in-depth research in this field is lacking. This study investigates green teas from different latitudes in China using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectroscopy and machine learning methods. Industrial and elemental analyses were first conducted to characterize their physicochemical properties.

HfZrO-based synaptic resistor circuit for a Super-Turing intelligent system.

Computers based on the Turing model execute artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that are either programmed by humans or derived from machine learning. These AI algorithms cannot be modified during the operation process according to environmental changes, resulting in significantly poorer adaptability to new environments, longer learning latency, and higher power consumption compared to the human brain. In contrast, neurobiological circuits can function while simultaneously adapting to changing conditions.