Adsorption performance of ammonium molybdate modified Salix wood flour biochar for the treatment of monosodium glutamate wastewater.

The problem of wastewater pollution in the production of monosodium glutamate (MSG) is becoming more and more serious. A novel type of chemically modified Salix psammophila powder charcoal (SPPC) was synthesized to address the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) in MSG wastewater. SPPC was prepared by carbonization method, in which inorganic ammonium molybdate (AM) was used as modifier and Salix psammophila powder (SPP) was used as raw material.

Mutant-allele dispersion correlates with prognosis risk in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) contributes to lung cancer progression and resistance to therapy. To evaluate ITH and determine whether it may be employed as a predictive biomarker of prognosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we used a novel algorithm called mutant-allele dispersion (MAD).

Methods: In the study, 103 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled.

Investigations on color and flavor formed by roasting sesame polysaccharide-protein mixtures.

Roasting is an important operation to produce attractive colors and distinctive flavors during the production of sesame oil. To investigate the contributions of macromolecules to the color and flavor during roasting sesame seeds, water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) and chelator-soluble polysaccharides (CSP) sequentially extracted from sesame hull were mixed with sesame protein isolate (SPI) at different ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, w/w), then the mixtures were roasted at 180 °C for 35 min. Results showed that WSP, CSP, and SPI degraded approximately at 150 °C and SPI had the highest thermal stability.

Effects of roasting temperature and duration on color and flavor of a sesame oligosaccharide-protein complex in a Maillard reaction model.

In this work, sesame oligosaccharides (SOL) and sesame protein isolate (SPI) were isolated from dehulled sesame meal, combined and then tested as a sesame model system, to investigate the effects of roasting temperature and duration on color and flavor. The results demonstrated that SOL was more easily degraded than SPI; specifically, SOL and SPI gradually degraded at 100 °C and 150 °C, respectively. FT-IR analysis showed that characteristic bonds existing in the roasted samples were somewhat destroyed.

Thymosin β4 increases cardiac cell proliferation, cell engraftment, and the reparative potency of human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction.

Previous studies have shown that human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes improved myocardial recovery when administered to infarcted pig and non-human primate hearts. However, the engraftment of intramyocardially delivered cells is poor and the effectiveness of clinically relevant doses of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in large animal models of myocardial injury remains unknown. Here, we determined whether thymosin β4 (Tb4) could improve the engraftment and reparative potency of transplanted hiPSC-CMs in a porcine model of myocardial infarction (MI).

A reciprocal egg-swap experiment reveals sources of variation in developmental success among populations of a desert lizard.

Identifying intrinsic and extrinsic sources of variation in life history traits among populations has been well-studied at the post-embryonic stage but rarely at the embryonic stage. To reveal these sources of variation in the developmental success of embryos, we measured the physical characteristics of nest environments and conducted reciprocal egg-swap experiments in two populations of the toad-headed agamid lizard (Phrynocephalus przewalskii), isolated from each other by a mountain range. We determined the effects of population origin and nest environment on embryonic and offspring traits related to developmental success, including incubation period, hatching success, and offspring growth and survival.

Transplantation of neural stem cells preconditioned with high‑mobility group box 1 facilitates functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder that often results in temporary and/or permanent functional impairment below the injured level. To date, few satisfactory therapeutic strategies are available to treat SCI. Hence, exploring novel strategies for SCI is an essential public health concern.

[Characteristics of Organic Matter in Sediments During the Thermal Stratification of a Reservoir and Effects on an Aerobic Denitrifier].

In this study, the relative molecular weight distribution and fluorescent characteristics of the organic matter in sediments during the thermal stratification of a drinking water reservoir were studied. The nitrogen removal, growth performance, and carbon removal ability of an aerobic denitrifier were investigated when the organic matter in sediments was used as a carbon source. The results found that:① during the stratification period in the drinking water reservoir, the organic matter in sediments has a larger proportion of relative molecular mass>100×10.

Accuracy of the Demirjian, Willems and Nolla methods for dental age estimation in a northern Chinese population.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Demirjian, Willems, and Nolla methods for dental age estimation on a sample of the northern Chinese population.

Design: The study consisted of 2000 panoramic radiographs (1000 boys and 1000 girls) with an age range between 5 and 14 years. The mean error and absolute mean error were calculated according to each method, and the accuracy was statistically analysed.

[Release Mechanisms of Iron and Manganese from Sediments in Jinpen Reservoir].

In response to the annual hypolimnetic anoxia in stratified reservoirs, water-lifting aerators (WLAs) were used in Jinpen Reservoir to supplement the dissolved oxygen in the bottom water and suppress the release of reduced pollutants from sediment. However, due to the influence of geomorphic characteristics at the bottom of the reservoir, there were some differences in the efficiency of artificial mixing and aeration. After the deactivation of WLAs, the dissolved oxygen in the bottom water of some deeper areas was rapidly depleted, resulting in the re-release of pollutants.

[Spatial and Temporal Succession Characteristics of Aerobic Anoxygenic Photosynthesis Bacteria in a Stratified Reservoir].

Aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis bacteria (AAPB) play a significant role in the material circulation of the hydrosphere, with diverse community structure and unique metabolic functions. To investigate the spatial and temporal succession characteristics of AAPB abundance and community structure in Jinpen Reservoir, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technique targeting the gene were applied. Furthermore, redundancy analysis was used to determine the influence of environmental factors on their community structure.

[Effect of Artificial Mixing on Temporal and Spatial Succession of Algae Community Structure in Jinpen Reservoir].

To explore the effect mechanism of the artificial mixing process on the temporal and spatial succession of algae community structure in a water body, this study used water-lifting aerators to induce in-situ artificial mixing of the water body of Jinpen Reservoir, and in-situ spot physical-chemical parameters and algae of the water body of the reservoir were observed during an artificial mixing process. A total of 51 species of 28 genera of 6 families of algae were identified in the water body of the Jinpen Reservoir. The artificial mixing effect of the water-lifting aerators significantly inhibited the growth of algae in the water, and had a significant impact on the community structure.

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Distillates Purified by Means of Molecular Distillation from Ginger Extract Obtained with Supercritical CO Fluid.

The ginger extract obtained with supercritical CO fluid was purified by molecular distillation (MD), and the chemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ginger extract and its distillates were investigated. Analysis revealed that the ginger extract was rich in terpene hydrocarbons, along with oxygenated terpenes and other non-volatile compounds. The MD distillates were prepared in a series of stages and the active compounds like terpenes and gingerols could be separated by MD.

Early Regenerative Capacity in the Porcine Heart.

Background: The adult mammalian heart has limited ability to repair itself after injury. Zebrafish, newts, and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac tissue, largely by cardiac myocyte (CM) proliferation. It is unknown whether hearts of young large mammals can regenerate.

Temperature increase exacerbates apoptotic neuronal death in chemically-induced ischemia.

It is well-established that hyperthermia increases neuronal death and worsens stroke outcome. However, little is known about the mechanisms of how hyperthermia is involved in this neuronal death process. In the present study, we examined how temperature increase exacerbates neuronal death using a model of chemical ischemia.

Hyperthermia worsens ischaemic brain injury through destruction of microvessels in an embolic model in rats.

Purpose: Basal lamina is a major part of the microvascular wall and plays a critical role in the integrity of microvasculature. The aim of this study is to determine whether hyperthermia worsens the destruction of microvascular integrity in the ischaemic injured brain.

Materials And Methods: Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced by embolising a pre-formed clot into the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Technique for collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna in rat.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in direct contact with the extracellular space in the central nervous system (CNS), and biological changes in the brain can be reflected in CSF. In the present article, a procedure for collection of CSF in rats is described. The technique quickly and reliably yields large quantities of CSF (50-150 microl) in rats.

Partial intra-aortic occlusion improves perfusion deficits and infarct size following focal cerebral ischemia.

Reperfusion with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been the goal of therapy for acute ischemic stroke; however, tPA is contraindicated in many patients, has low recanalization rates in major occlusions, and carries a substantial risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. In the present study, we hypothesized that partial intra-aortic occlusion of the abdominal aorta would increase salvage of ischemic penumbra and reduce infarct volume after focal embolic stroke in rats. We examined the effects of aortic occlusion on infarct volume, expression and activation of matrix metalloprotease-9, and hemorrhagic transformation with or without treatment with tPA.

Rosiglitazone alone or in combination with tissue plasminogen activator improves ischemic brain injury in an embolic model in rats.

In this study, we examined whether rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, is neuroprotective in focal ischemic brain injury, and whether rosiglitazone can enhance the protective action of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), an agent used clinically for thrombolytic therapy. Rats were subjected to ischemic brain injury by embolizing preformed clots into the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Treatment with rosiglitazone reduced infarction and improved functional recovery; it also enhanced the neuroprotective action of tPA and lengthened the time window for initiating tPA treatment.

Reduction of ischemic brain injury in rats with normothermic and hyperthermic conditions.

Object: Statins have been used for induction of ischemic tolerance after cerebral ischemia. The authors have previously shown that simvastatin is protective after ischemic cerebral injury in normothermic conditions. In this study they further examined whether treatment with simvastatin can reduce ischemic brain injury in a hyperthermic condition.

Treatment with melagatran alone or in combination with thrombolytic therapy reduced ischemic brain injury.

Melagatran is a potent direct thrombin inhibitor and it is an effective agent in the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); however, there are no data about its actions in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective actions of melagatran using an embolic model of stroke in rats. We first examined protective effects at increasing doses of melagatran.

Critical role of microvasculature basal lamina in ischemic brain injury.

Cerebral vascular system can be divided into two categories: the macrovessels and microvessels. The microvessels consist of arterioles, capillaries and venules. There are three basic components in the microvasculature: endothelial cells, basal lamina and end-feet of astrocytes.

Combination treatment with dipyridamole, aspirin, and tPA in an embolic model of stroke in rats.

Antithrombotic therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing secondary strokes. Inhibition of platelet function may reduce formation of thrombi thereby reducing the incidence of stroke. However, stronger inhibition of platelets is correlated with increased risk of bleeding events.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol regulates endothelial progenitor cells by increasing eNOS and preventing apoptosis.

Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are implicated as an important marker of endothelial function and cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we examined whether high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol plays a role in the peripheral EPC levels and its underlying mechanisms in the HDL cholesterol-induced elevation of EPCs.

Methods: For the clinical study, vascular risk factors and blood markers were measured and EPC colony forming units were counted after 7 days of culture.

Clot fragments formed from original thrombus obstruct downstream arteries in the ischemic injured brain.

Objective: Embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) leads to distal perfusion deficits as the vessel is recanalized. However, the mechanism for the perfusion deficits is not fully understood. The authors examined whether distal movement of fragments formed from the original thrombus contributes to the perfusion deficits.