Accelerated stochastic processes of plankton community assembly due to tidal restriction by seawall construction in the Yangtze River Estuary.

Seawall construction has complex ecological impacts. However, the ecological mechanisms within plankton communities under tidal restriction resulting from seawall construction remain unexplored. Using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, this study examined the impact of seawall construction on the assembly process of planktonic eukaryote and bacteria communities from the unrestricted area and the tide-restricted area in the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve of Yangtze River Estuary.

Spatially Isomeric Fulleropyrrolidines Enable Controlled Stacking of Perovskite Colloids for High-Performance Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

The advancement of tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) has been severely hindered by the poor controllability of perovskite crystal growth and the energy level mismatch between the perovskite and fullerene-based electron transport layer (ETL). Here, we synthesized three cis-configured pyridyl-substituted fulleropyrrolidines (PPF), specifically 2-pyridyl (PPF2), 3-pyridyl (PPF3), and 4-pyridyl (PPF4), and utilized them as precursor additives to regulate the crystallization kinetics during film formation. The spatial distance between the two pyridine groups in PPF2, PPF3, and PPF4 increases sequentially, enabling PPF4 to interact with more perovskite colloidal particles.

An effective method for detecting nitrous oxide using alkaline washing and GC-MS.

Nitrous oxide (NO) is generally detected by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which has become a popular method in current research and applications. However, NO and CO have the same molecular mass and comparable physical characteristics, posing significant challenges to complete separation and accurate detection of NO. For this purpose, a simple and effective method for detecting nitrous oxide using alkaline washing and GC-MS was proposed.

Study on Recovery Strategy of Hearing Loss & SGN Regeneration Under Physical Regulation.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that by 2050, nearly 2.5 billion people are expected to have some degree of hearing loss (HL) and at least 700 million will need hearing rehabilitation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies for HL.

miRNAs modulate altered expression of cytochrome P450s and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits conferring both metabolic and target resistance to sulfoxaflor in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

Understanding the insecticide resistance mechanisms and their underlying regulatory pathways is essential for pest management. Previous findings indicated that the overexpression of P450 gene, CYP6ER1, was a key mechanism for sulfoxaflor metabolic resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. However, it remains unclear whether quantitative changes in the target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) contribute to sulfoxaflor resistance and the underlying regulatory mechanisms involved.

[Investigation on tastes, properties, and traditional efficacy of Mongolian medicines of genus Artemisia based on pharmacophylogeny].

The genus Artemisia is one of the most abundant groups of medicinal plants in the Asteraceae family. Based on the theoretical basis of the pharmacophylogeny, the phylogenetic analysis, association analysis and other methods were used to systematically sort out the genetic relationships, properties, tastes, chemical constituents, and traditional efficacy of Mongolian medicines of genus Artemisia(MMA). The correlation and regularity were discussed.

Mental Health Literacy Buffers the Association Between Nightmare Distress and Psychotic-Like Experiences Among College Students.

Background: Nightmares may lead to psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). The present study aimed to examine the potential moderating and mediating effects of mental health literacy (MHL) on the association between nightmare distress (ND) and PLEs among Chinese college students.

Methods: A total of 4000 college students who have had nightmares in the past year were assessed using the Chinese version of the nightmare distress questionnaire (NDQ-CV), mental health knowledge questionnaire (MHKQ), 15-item positive subscale of the community assessment of psychic experiences (CAPE-P15), 2-item insomnia questionnaire, 2-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2), and a self-compiled sample characteristics questionnaire.

Ag(i) emitters with ultrafast spin-flip dynamics for high-efficiency electroluminescence.

Carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes are appealing emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, little is known about silver(i)-CMA complexes, particularly electroluminescent ones. Here we report a series of Ag(i)-CMA complexes prepared using benzothiophene-fused carbazole derivatives as amide ligands.

Melatonin ameliorates age-related sarcopenia by inhibiting fibrogenic conversion of satellite cell.

The fibrogenic conversion of satellite cells contributes to the atrophy and fibrosis of skeletal muscle, playing a significant role in the pathogenesis of age-related sarcopenia. Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, exhibits anti-aging and anti-fibrotic effects in various conditions. However, the effect of melatonin on satellite cell fate and age-related sarcopenia remains under-explored.

MethylGPT: a foundation model for the DNA methylome.

DNA methylation serves as a powerful biomarker for disease diagnosis and biological age assessment. However, current analytical approaches often rely on linear models that cannot capture the complex, context-dependent nature of methylation regulation. Here we present MethylGPT, a transformer-based foundation model trained on 226,555 (154,063 after QC and deduplication) human methylation profiles spanning diverse tissue types from 5,281 datasets, curated 49,156 CpG sites, and 7.

Design of geostationary orbit ultrawide FOV long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer.

The geostationary orbit imaging spectrometer offers distinct advantages for diverse applications in remote sensing. To enhance swath and data richness, there is a growing trend toward spectrometers with broader fields of view (FOV) and extended slit lengths. Optical systems equipped with these features face significant challenges in aberration correction.

Photonics-aided exceeding 200-Gb/s wireless data transmission over outdoor long-range 2 × 2 MIMO THz links at 300 GHz.

Outdoor long-range terahertz (THz) communications often come at the expense of transmission rate. Moreover, the practicability of the single polarization optical/THz link, which is commonly used in the previous long-range THz demonstrations based on photonics, is extremely limited by the following two fatal defects. One is relying on active polarization control, and the other is not supporting the transparent bridging of optical polarization division multiplexed (PDM) signals for mature coherent optical communication networks.

A Photo-Caged Cross-Linker for Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions.

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has seen significant improvements which have enhanced its utility for studying protein-protein interactions (PPIs), primarily due to the emergence of novel crosslinkers and the development of streamlined analysis workflows. Nevertheless, poor membrane permeability and side reactions with water limit the extent of productive intracellular crosslinking events that can be achieved with current crosslinkers. To address these problems, we have synthesized a novel crosslinker with o-nitrobenzyl-based photoresponsive groups.

A C156 Molecular Nanocarbon: Planar/Rippled Nanosheets Hybridization.

A novel hybrid nanocarbon consisting of one rippled and two planar nanosheets has been synthesized and characterized. Two meso pairs of [5]helicenes are formed along the long molecular axis of the hybrid to connect rippled and planar subunits, leading to a stable conformation. It is shown that the hybrid possesses the individual electronic properties of the rippled and planar subunits.

Cell2Sentence: Teaching Large Language Models the Language of Biology.

We introduce Cell2Sentence (C2S), a novel method to directly adapt large language models to a biological context, specifically single-cell transcriptomics. By transforming gene expression data into "cell sentences," C2S bridges the gap between natural language processing and biology. We demonstrate cell sentences enable the finetuning of language models for diverse tasks in biology, including cell generation, complex celltype annotation, and direct data-driven text generation.

RNA sample optimization for cryo-EM analysis.

RNAs play critical roles in most biological processes. Although the three-dimensional (3D) structures of RNAs primarily determine their functions, it remains challenging to experimentally determine these 3D structures due to their conformational heterogeneity and intrinsic dynamics. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently played an emerging role in resolving dynamic conformational changes and understanding structure-function relationships of RNAs including ribozymes, riboswitches and bacterial and viral noncoding RNAs.

Tanshinone IIA alleviates inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction.

Skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by loss of muscle mass and function, is often linked to systemic inflammation. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a major active constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the effect of Tan IIA on inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains unclear.

Framework Nucleic Acid-Based Selective Cell Catcher for Endogenous Stem Cell Recruitment.

Cell-surface engineering holds great promise in boosting endogenous stem cell attraction for tissue regeneration. However, challenges such as cellular internalization of ligand and the dynamic nature of cell membranes often complicate ligand-receptor interactions. The aim of this study is to harness the innovative potential of programmable tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) to enable precise, tunable ligand-receptor interactions, thereby improving stem cell recruitment efficiency.

Jade powder/PLGA composite microspheres for improved performance as potential bone repair drug carrier.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely used as drug delivery carrier or scaffold for bone repair due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and degradation rate controllability. However, defects, like acidic degradation by-products, are associated with PLGA and restrict its practical applications. Jade powder, leftover from jade polishing process, is a natural material rich in elements of Ca, Si, and Mg while biocompatible and antibacterial.

Identification of CD44 as a key engager to hyaluronic acid-rich extracellular matrices for cell traction force generation and tumor invasion in 3D.

Mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) critically regulate a number of important cell functions including growth, differentiation and migration. Type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are two primary components of ECMs that contribute to mammalian tissue mechanics, with the collagen fiber network sustaining tension, and GAGs withstanding compression. The architecture and stiffness of the collagen network are known to be important for cell-ECM mechanical interactions via integrin cell surface adhesion receptors.

Development and validation of a prediction model for ED using machine learning: according to NHANES 2001-2004.

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is a form of sexual dysfunction in males that imposes significant health and financial burdens globally. Despite its high prevalence, diagnosing ED remains challenging due to the limitations of current diagnostic methods and patients' reluctance to seek medical help. Currently, some studies have used machine learning techniques for developing ED prediction models, but the performance and interpretability of existing models need to be further improved.

Accumulation of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Promotes Age-Related Decline of Type H Vessels in Bone.

Type H vessels have been proven to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The decline of type H vessels contributes to bone loss in the aging process. Aging is accompanied by the accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs).

Oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and its complications: From pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.

Oxidative stress due to aberrant metabolism is considered as a crucial contributor to diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia boost excessive reactive oxygen species generation by elevated mitochondrial respiration, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, and enhanced pro-oxidative processes, including protein kinase C pathways, hexosamine, polyol, and advanced glycation endproducts, which exacerbate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the onset of diabetes and its associated complications by impairing insulin production, increasing insulin resistance, maintaining hyperglycemic memory, and inducing systemic inflammation.

Targeting modulation of intestinal flora through oral route by an antimicrobial nucleic acid-loaded exosome-like nanovesicles to improve Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. It is usually accompanied by motor and non-motor symptoms that seriously threaten the health and the quality of life. Novel medications are urgently needed because current pharmaceuticals can relieve symptoms but cannot stop disease progression.

Changes of immune function mediated by Gasdermin-E in the immune microenvironment of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma.

In primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes a highly intricate ecosystem comprised of cellular and acellular elements. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is characterized by the presence of a broad of immune cells, while there is a scarcity of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) intratumorally. Consequently, the recruitment of a larger cohort of CTLs to infiltrate the tumor core has emerged as a pressing scientific challenge.