One hundred-year secular trends of overweight and obesity in China: effects of age, period, and cohort.

Objective: Obesity has become a major public health problem worldwide and particularly in China. This study examined the secular trend of overweight and obesity in China over the past 100 years.

Methods: Nationwide data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and the Chinese General Social Survey were used.

Validation Strategy for Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Long-Term Maintaining Sinus Rhythm: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Data comparing the outcomes of loose versus rigorous validation strategies for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) are limited. We aimed to prospectively assess the effectiveness of loose versus rigorous validation for PVI in patients with PAF with a maintained sinus rhythm. Patients ( = 117) with PAF were randomized to receive either loose validation ( = 59) or rigorous validation ( = 58) after PVI.

Trends in major non-communicable diseases and related risk factors in China 2002-2019: an analysis of nationally representative survey data.

Background: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are prioritized in both the Sustainable Development Goal and the Healthy China 2030 Initiatives. Efforts have been devoted to combating NCDs in China. This study examined changes in NCD trajectory.

Impact of COVID-19 on risks and deaths of non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region.

Countries and areas in the Western Pacific region (WPR) experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and took various preventive measures, which affected non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risks and mortality. Due to differences in COVID-19 prevention measures and other characteristics such as culture, religions, political systems, socioeconomic development, lifestyles, and health care systems, the effects of COVID-19 on NCDs varied greatly among WPR countries. Most countries had an increased all-cause and NCDs mortality during the pandemic, but some developed countries, including New Zealand, Singapore and Australia reported decreased mortality.

Associations of blood lead, cadmium, and mercury with resistant hypertension among adults in NHANES, 1999-2018.

Background: Resistant hypertension (RHTN), a clinically complex condition with profound health implications, necessitates considerable time and allocation of medical resources for effective management. Unraveling the environmental risk factors associated with RHTN may shed light on future interventional targets aimed at reducing its incidence. Exposure to heavy metal has been linked to an increased risk of hypertension, while the relationship with RHTN remains poorly understood.

Saikosaponin A protects against uremic toxin indole‑3 acetic acid‑induced damage to the myocardium.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)‑associated cardiac injury is a common complication in patients with CKD. Indole‑3 acetic acid (IAA) is a uremic toxin that injures the cardiovascular system. Saikosaponin A (SSA) protects against pressure overload‑induced cardiac fibrosis.

Global pattern and determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine coverage and progression: a global ecological study.

Background: Understanding and minimizing existing global coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19) vaccination disparities is critical to global population health and eliminating health inequities. The study aims to investigate the disparities of vaccination coverage and progression and the associated economic and educational determinants to inform global COVID-19 vaccination strategies.

Methods: COVID-19 vaccination coverage data from 206 countries used in the study were derived from "Our World in Data" website.

Three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping characteristics of superior vena cava myocardial sleeve and sinoatrial node in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Three-dimensional activation mapping during sinus rhythm can demonstrate the earliest atrial activation (EAA) site, which could be the sinoatrial node (SAN). We aimed to compare the electroanatomical characteristics of superior vena cava (SVC), myocardial sleeve, and SAN between patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and non-AF.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 136 patients with AF were assigned to the study group, and 20 patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) who had no history of AF were assigned to the control group.

Investigating the paradox of increasing obesity and declining heart disease mortality in the United States: Age-period-cohort model.

Background: Obesity as a risk factor of heart disease (HD) is confirmed through observational, laboratory, and intervention studies. However, it cannot explain why HD declines, but obesity increases in the United States in recent decades. This study attempted to understand this paradox.

Stochastic cusp catastrophe model and its Bayesian computations.

This paper revitalizes the investigation of the classical cusp catastrophe model in catastrophe theory and tackles the unsolved statistical inference problem concerning stochastic cusp differential equation. This model is challenging because its associated transition density hence the likelihood function is analytically intractable. We propose a novel Bayesian approach combining Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with two likelihood approximation methods, namely, Euler approximation and Hermite expansion.

Screening Intention Prediction of Colorectal Cancer among Urban Chinese Based on the Protection Motivation Theory.

Colorectal cancer poses a serious threat worldwide. Although early screening has been proved to be the most effective way to prevent and control colorectal cancer, the current situation of colorectal cancer screening remains not optimistic. The aim of this article is to apply the protection motivation theory (PMT) to examine the influencing factors on screening intention of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Worst Pain Intensity Among Cancer Patients.

Aims: Patients with cancer have pain due to their cancer, the cancer treatment and other causes, and the pain intensity varies considerably between individuals. Additional research is needed to understand the factors associated with worst pain intensity. Our study aim was to determine the association between worst pain intensity and sociodemographics and cancerspecific factors among patients with cancer.

Perception of Peer Condom Use Buffers the Associations Between HIV Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Condom-Use Intention Among Adolescents: a Moderated Mediation Model.

A better understanding of the complex relationships between HIV knowledge, self-efficacy, perception of peer condom use, and condom-use intention is needed for improving HIV prevention among adolescents. The study analyzed survey data collected from high school students (N = 1970) in the Bahamas. Mediation and moderated mediation modeling analyses were used for data analysis.

Biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the humoral immunoresponse: a systematic review of evidence to support global policy-level actions and research.

Background: Both population-level epidemiological data and individual-level biological data are needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Population-level data are widely available and efforts to combat COVID-19 have generated proliferate data on the biology and immunoresponse to the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there remains a paucity of systemized data on this subject.

Determinants of Intention to Participate in Breast Cancer Screening among Urban Chinese Women: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory.

Despite the significance of early detection of breast cancer through screening, the screening uptake in China remains relatively low. Protection motivation theory (PMT) suggested by Rogers is one of the theories concerning threat appeal. This study aimed to apply the protection motivation theory (PMT) in predicting breast cancer screening intention.

Predator-Prey Dynamics of Intra-Host Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Evolution Within the Untreated Host.

The dynamic nature of the SIV population during disease progression in the SIV/macaque model of AIDS and the factors responsible for its behavior have not been documented, largely owing to the lack of sufficient spatial and temporal sampling of both viral and host data from SIV-infected animals. In this study, we detail Bayesian coalescent inference of the changing collective intra-host viral effective population size ( ) from various tissues over the course of infection and its relationship with what we demonstrate is a continuously changing immune cell repertoire within the blood. Although the relative contribution of these factors varied among hosts and time points, the adaptive immune response best explained the overall periodic dynamic behavior of the effective virus population.

Age-Stratified COVID-19 Spread Analysis and Vaccination: A Multitype Random Network Approach.

The risk of severe illness and mortality from COVID-19 significantly increases with age. As a result, age-stratified modeling for COVID-19 dynamics is the key to study how to reduce hospitalizations and mortality from COVID-19. By taking advantage of network theory, we develop an age-stratified epidemic model for COVID-19 in complex contact networks.