Transcatheter Caval Implantation for Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Purpose Of Review: We describe the evolution of caval valve implantation (CAVI) as a treatment for severe symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in the high surgical risk patient.

Recent Findings: Surgical treatment of severe TR is often limited by the high surgical risk of the patients who tend to develop severe secondary TR. Coaptation, annuloplasty, and orthotopic replacement strategies are all limited by annular and leaflet geometry, prior valve repair, and the presence of cardiac implantable device leads.

Recent advances in MASLD genetics: Insights into disease mechanisms and the next frontiers in clinical application.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world and a growing cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Yet, at the same time, our understanding of the pathophysiology and genetic underpinnings of this increasingly common yet heterogeneous disease has increased dramatically over the last 2 decades, with the potential to lead to meaningful clinical interventions for patients. We have now seen the first pharmacologic therapy approved for the treatment of MASLD, and multiple other potential treatments are currently under investigation-including gene-targeted RNA therapies that directly extend from advances in MASLD genetics.

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Emerges as the Fastest-Growing Aetiologies for Primary Liver Cancer in the United States.

Objective: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is projected to be the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States in 2040. We examine the burden of PLC in the United States, stratified by sex, state and aetiological risk factors.

Methods: Data on PLC prevalence, incidence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Is Routine Discharge Enough? Needs and Perceptions Regarding Discharge and Readmission of Palliative Care Patients and Caregivers.

Context: The hospital discharge process is fraught for patients with serious illness and their caregivers.

Objectives: We sought to understand palliative care patient and caregiver concerns regarding the patient-centeredness of the hospital discharge process.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 patients receiving palliative care and 4 caregivers.

Intermarrying MOF Glass and Lead Halide Perovskites for Artificial Photosynthesis.

The development of efficient artificial photosynthesis systems is crucial for sustainable chemical production, as they mimic natural processes to convert solar energy into chemical products, thereby addressing both energy and environmental challenges. The main bottlenecks in current research include fabricating highly selective, stable, and scalable catalysts, as well as effectively harnessing the full spectrum of light, particularly the low-energy, long-wavelength portion. Herein, we report a novel composite photocatalyst system based on lead halide perovskites embedded in functionalized MOF glass.

Platelet spleen tyrosine kinase is a key regulator of anti-PF4 antibody-induced immunothrombosis.

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but serious prothrombotic adverse event following vaccination with adenovector-based COVID-19 vaccines. Laboratory findings indicate that anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) immunoglobulin G antibodies are the causing factor for the onset of thromboembolic events in VITT. However, molecular mechanisms of cellular interactions, signaling pathways and involvement of different cell types in VITT antibody-mediated thrombosis are not fully understood.

Increased mortality from alcohol use disorder, alcohol-associated liver disease, and liver cancer from alcohol among older adults in the United States: 2000 to 2021.

Background: To investigate the trends in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), liver cancer from alcohol, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) burden among older adults in the United States (US).

Methods: We gathered the ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD prevalence, mortality, and age-standardized rates (ASRs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 between 2010 and 2021. We estimated the annual percent change (APC) with confidence intervals (CIs) for the burden of ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD in older adults (>70 years) in the United States.

Neurobehavioral disorders among children born to mothers exposed to illicit substances during pregnancy.

Background: Exposure to illicit substances during pregnancy may have long-term impacts on children's neurodevelopment. This study explores subsequent risks for intellectual disability, autistic disorders, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in children born to mothers exposed to illicit substances before or during pregnancy.

Methods: We identified women with illicit drug use by linking the police records from the "Substance Abuse Control Databases" and Taiwan Birth Registration and Birth Notification records from 2004 to 2014.

Neighborhood Social Determinants of Health are Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction-associated steatotic Liver Disease Outcomes.

Background & Aims: Significant health disparities exist in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), driven by social determinants of health (SDOH). Few studies have explored neighborhood-level SDOH in MASLD.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with MASLD at a multi-state healthcare institution.

Geographically weighted regression analysis for nonnegative continuous outcomes: An application to Taiwan dengue data.

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) has gained widespread popularity across various disciplines for investigating spatial heterogeneity with respect to data relationships in georeferenced datasets. However, GWR is typically limited to the analysis of continuous dependent variables, which are assumed to follow a symmetric normal distribution. In many fields, nonnegative continuous data are often observed and may contain substantial amounts of zeros followed by a right-skewed distribution of positive values.

CD47 predominates over CD24 as a macrophage immune checkpoint in cancer.

Macrophages hold tremendous promise as effectors of cancer immunotherapy, but the best strategies to provoke these cells to attack tumors remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of targeting two distinct macrophage immune checkpoints: CD47 and CD24. We found that antibodies targeting these antigens could elicit maximal levels of phagocytosis when combined together in vitro.

Effects of Extracted Pulse Proteins on Lipid Targets for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Many clinical practice guidelines recommend dietary pulses for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The impact of extracted pulse proteins remains unclear. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effect of extracted pulse proteins on therapeutic lipid targets.

Spatiotemporal lineage tracing reveals the dynamic spatial architecture of tumor growth and metastasis.

Tumor progression is driven by dynamic interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of tumors can provide crucial insights into how intrinsic changes within cancer cells and extrinsic alterations in the microenvironment cooperate to drive different stages of tumor progression. Here, we integrate high-resolution spatial transcriptomics and evolving lineage tracing technologies to elucidate how tumor expansion, plasticity, and metastasis co-evolve with microenvironmental remodeling in a -driven mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma.

TM6SF2 -rs58542926 Genotype Has Opposing Effects on Incidence of Hepatic and Cardiac Events in a Community Cohort.

Introduction: TM6SF2 -rs58542926-T is associated with increased cirrhosis and modestly decreased coronary artery disease prevalence. However, relative effects of TM6SF2 genotype on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) vs liver-related events (LRE) are not known.

Methods: We used the UK Biobank, a prospective cohort with genetic and inpatient diagnosis data.

Inflammasome-Driven Fatal Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Triggered by Mild COVID-19.

Inflammasome is linked to many inflammatory diseases, including COVID-19 and autoimmune liver diseases. While severe COVID-19 was reported to exacerbate liver failure, we report a fatal acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in a stable primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome patient triggered by a mild COVID-19 infection. Postmortem liver biopsy showed sparse SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages with extensive ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) speck-positive hepatocytes, correlating with elevated circulating ASC specks and inflammatory cytokines, and depleted blood monocyte subsets, indicating widespread liver inflammasome activation.

ADHD and Risk of Precocious Puberty: Considering the Impact of MPH.

Background/objectives: The complex association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and methylphenidate (MPH) with precocious puberty (PP) is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between ADHD, MPH, and PP.

Methods: This is a nationwide cohort study including a total of 3,342,077 individuals, 186,681 with ADHD and 3,155,396 without.

Spatial, transcriptomic, and epigenomic analyses link dorsal horn neurons to chronic pain genetic predisposition.

Key mechanisms underlying chronic pain occur within the dorsal horn. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic variants predisposed to chronic pain. However, most of these variants lie within regulatory non-coding regions that have not been linked to spinal cord biology.

Genetic insight into the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and infection.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of infection (CDI). Herein, we aimed to determine if genetic risk contributes to this observed association. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis in the Michigan Genomics Initiative and the United Kingdom Biobank for CDI based on ICD codes and meta-analyzed these results with similar publicly accessible GWAS summary statistics from Finngen.

Target specification and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles for regulating corneal angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and nerve repair.

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are small extracellular vesicles that range in size from 30 nm to 10 μm in diameter and have specific membrane markers. They are naturally secreted and are present in various bodily fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva, and through the variety of their internal cargo, they contribute to both normal physiological and pathological processes. These processes include immune modulation, neuronal synapse formation, cell differentiation, cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, progression of infectious disease, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.